“…Furthermore, from the standpoint of rational ˑ natural ˑ resource ˑ management, ˑ mine ˑ tailings ˑ should ˑ be ˑ seen ˑ as ˑ a ˑ mineral ˑ source ˑ that ˑ has been extracted from the ˑ earth's ˑ subsurface, ˑ transported, ˑ and ˑ underutilized. ˑ The ˑ tailings ˑ can ˑ comprise ˑ trace ˑ amounts ˑ of ˑ target ˑ material ˑ as ˑ well ˑ as ˑ previously ˑ unclaimed ˑ elements ˑ that ˑ can ˑ be ˑ restored ˑ via ˑ more ˑ effective mining ˑ procedures ˑ [5][6][7][8][9][10], ˑ which ˑ is ˑ one ˑ reason ˑ for ˑ this ˑ viewpoint. ˑ The ˑ chemical ˑ composition ˑ of ˑ mine ˑ tailings, ˑ on ˑ the ˑ other ˑ hand, is primarily composed ˑ of ˑ silicon, ˑ aluminum, ˑ and ˑ calcium ˑ oxides, ˑ with ˑ a ˑ percentage ˑ ranging ˑ from ˑ 60 ˑ to ˑ 90% ˑ [1-4, 11, 12].…”