Influence of nanoclay‐carbon black hybrid fillers on cure and properties of natural rubber compounds

Abstract

The influence of organically modified nanoclay-carbon black (CB) hybrid filler on the curing behavior of natural rubber (NR) was explored in this investigation. Here an effort was paid to understand the curing kinetics of organomodified nanoclay filled rubber compounds. On the basis of two different types of modified clay, NR nanocomposites were prepared and cured by a conventional vulcanization system. A faster curing rate and lower torque values were found when the modification was done by quaternary ammonium compounds. The activation energy of the rubber curing process decreased with the incorporation of nanoclay. In addition, it was revealed that the quaternary ammonium compounds used as modifier in the clay show a plasticization effect. Additionally, X-ray diffraction studies indicated, that the basal spacing of the clay minerals was increased in both cases after incorporation in the rubber matrix. The dynamic mechanical analysis using a strain sweep mode showed that the Payne effect decreases because of an improved dispersion of CB induced by the presence of nanoclay. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:615-622, 2013. ª

Impacts of filler covalent and non‐covalent modification on the network structure and mechanical properties of carbon–silica dual phase filler/natural rubber

“…The filler with different surface chemistry exhibits a different profound effect on the vulcanization of rubber, in which the complex reactions involve, causing the variations in mechanical properties. [23][24][25] The vulcanization curves of NR compounds wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pat filled with CSDPF and modified CSDPF are shown in Fig. 3.…”

Apparent Porosity and Compressive Strength of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites over a Range of Sintering Temperatures

“…Nowadays, a variety of materials and structures made of clay composites has been found in many modern applications of engineering [1]. Mixing clay and other materials has even been an alternative route to design a set of composite materials with desired properties [2][3][4]. Partial replacement of clay-sand and lateritic soil-clay by Rice Husk Ash (RHA), for instance, has not only increased compressive strength [5][6] but also significantly improved linear shrinkage and bulk density of clay bricks [7].…”

“…At 900 °C and 1000 °C, the best compressive strength was achieved for 20%wt and 30%wt RHA, respectively. In the other study, Machmud et al [10] reveal that although such composite materials are potential for the purpose, the use of the marine sand is not recommended due to Cland SO 4 ions contents and many other lacks due to environmental concerns.…”

Apparent Porosity and Compressive Strength of Heat-Treated Clay/Iron Sand/Rice Husk Ash Composites over a Range of Sintering Temperatures

“…At 900 °C and 1000 °C, the best compressive strength was achieved for 20%wt and 30%wt RHA, respectively. In the other study, Machmud et al [10] reveal that although such composite materials are potential for the purpose, the use of the marine sand is not recommended due to Cl -and SO 4 -ions contents and many other lacks due to environmental concerns.…”

“…Mixing clay and other materials has even been an alternative route to design a set of composite materials with desired properties [2][3][4]. Partial replacement of clay-sand and lateritic soil-clay by Rice Husk Ash (RHA), for instance, has not only increased compressive strength [5][6] but also significantly improved linear shrinkage and bulk density of clay bricks [7].…”