Influence of nanoparticles on freezing inside container equipped with fins

Abstract

With loading of different shapes of nanoparticles, the solidification speed can be changed which was scrutinized in current work. Although the nanoparticles dispersion can decline the heat capacity, the conduction mode can be improved with such technique and changing the styles of nano-powders can alter the strength of conduction. The velocity terms were neglected in freezing, thus, the main equations include two equations with unsteady form for scalars of solid fraction and temperature. Grid adaption with position of ice front has been considered in simulations utilizing FEM. The upper sinusoidal and inner rectangular walls maintain cold temperature and freezing starts from these regions. Adding nanomaterial can expedite the process around 15.75% (for m = 4.8) and 29.8% (for m = 8.6). Also, utilizing particles with shapes of blade form can augment the freezing rate around 16.69%. The efficacy of m on freezing process rises around 4% with elevate of concentration of nanoparticles.

Multi-objective optimization of multiple droplet impacts on a molten PCM using NSGA-II optimizer and artificial neural network

“…However, the inherent defect of PCMs, low thermal conductivity, prolongs their melting (charge) and solidification (discharge) processes, restricting their applications. Metal foams 9 , expanded graphite 10,11 , nanoparticles 12,13 , or a combination of them 14,15 have been widely utilized to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCMs. Applying the direct contact (DC) between the PCM and heat transfer fluid (HTF) is another innovative solution by which the heat transfer efficiency of PCMs may be critically enhanced, accelerating the melting and, notably, solidification procedures 16 .…”