Influence of Nearly Resonant Light on the Scattering Length in Low-Temperature Atomic Gases

Федичев, П. О.; Kagan, Yu.; Shlyapnikov, G. V.; Walraven, J.T.M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.77.2913

Cited by 475 publications

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“…[8,9,10,11]. The interaction between the atoms at ultra-cold temperature can be characterized by a single parameter, the scattering length [12,13], which can be controlled in sign and magnitude using these resonances.Another way to change the scattering length of two colliding atoms is to optically couple the ground scattering state with an excited bound state [14]. These optical Feshbach resonances are theoretically analyzed in Refs.…”

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“…Optical Feshbach control can be also applied to other atomic systems having a similar electronic structure. The recent Bose-Einstein condensation of ytterbium [21] makes this system especially interesting.The theoretical description of optical Feshbach resonances and the closely related photoassociation (PA) process is well established [14,15,16]. The elastic and inelastic scattering rates due to a single photoassociation resonance level depends on (1) the natural line width Γ e,nat ≈ 2Γ A of the excited molecular level e, (2) the stimulated width Γ eg (ε r ) that couples the excited level to the s-wave collision of the ground state g at relative kinetic energy ε r , and (3) the detuning ∆ − ∆ e from optical resonance.…”

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Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms

2005

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It is possible to tune the scattering length for the collision of ultra-cold 1 S0 ground state alkaline-earth atoms using an optical Feshbach resonance. This is achieved with a laser far detuned from an excited molecular level near the frequency of the atomic intercombination 1 S0-3 P1 transition. Simple resonant scattering theory, illustrated by the example of 40 Ca, allows an estimate of the magnitude of the effect. Unlike alkali metal species, large changes of the scattering length are possible while atom loss remains small, because of the very narrow line width of the molecular photoassociation transition. This raises prospects for control of atomic interactions for a system without magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance levels.PACS numbers: 34.50. Rk, 34.10.+x, 32.80.Pj In recent years the ability to change the interaction between ultra-cold colliding atoms has opened the way for new and exciting experiments with ultra-cold atomic gases. The observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in atomic cesium [1] would have been impossible without the ability to change the interaction from being attractive to being repulsive. More impressively, time-varying interactions have allowed the creation of condensates of two-atom molecules starting from an atomic Bose condensate [2,3]. Most recently, the observation of the condensation of pairs of fermionic [4] atoms has started investigations into the so-called BEC-BCS crossover [5], where BCS is the abbreviation for the BardeenCooper-Schrieffer phase transition in a fermionic gas [6].The key to these developments has been the ability to change the interaction between atoms by a magnetically-tuned Feshbach resonance [7]. Theoretical discussion of the properties of these resonances can be found in Refs. [8,9,10,11]. The interaction between the atoms at ultra-cold temperature can be characterized by a single parameter, the scattering length [12,13], which can be controlled in sign and magnitude using these resonances.Another way to change the scattering length of two colliding atoms is to optically couple the ground scattering state with an excited bound state [14]. These optical Feshbach resonances are theoretically analyzed in Refs. [15,16] and implemented experimentally in Refs. [17,18]. The recent experiment of Theis et al. [18] with 87 Rb atoms showed, however, that a significant change of the scattering length is accompanied with substantial loss of atoms. The same is true if a twocolor Raman process is used [19].In this paper we discuss the optical tuning of scattering lengths in ultra-cold alkaline-earth atom vapors. To do so we will assume that the laser is far detuned from excited molecular states near the intercombination transition, 1 S 0 -3 P 1 , as recently analyzed in Ref. [20]. We show that significant changes of the scattering strength can be achieved without the excessive atom loss that plagues experiments with alkali-metal gases [18]. Prospects for an optically tuned scattering length in ultra-cold alkaline-earth vapors seems to be particularly a...

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Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms

2005

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“…The scattering length can be adjusted to a desired value by the magnetic [33] and optical [34] Feshbach resonance technique. The densities of the different RDB solitons for (a) figure 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

Stable and mobile two-dimensional dipolar ring-dark-in-bright Bose–Einstein condensate soliton

Adhikari

2016

Laser Phys. Lett.

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Abstract.We demonstrate robust, stable, mobile two-dimensional (2D) dipolar ring-darkin-bright (RDB) Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) solitons for repulsive contact interaction, subject to a harmonic trap along the y direction perpendicular to the polarization direction z. Such a RDB soliton has a ring-shaped notch (zero in density) imprinted on a 2D bright soliton free to move in the x − z plane. At medium velocity the head-on collision of two such solitons is found to be quasi elastic with practically no deformation. The possibility of creating the RDB soliton by phase imprinting is demonstrated. The findings are illustrated using numerical simulation employing realistic interaction parameters in a dipolar 164 Dy BEC.

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“…Two types of modulations have been considered: dispersion and nonlinearity management, which can occur both in time and in space. In nonlinearity modulation, Fedichev et al predicted that the spatial variation of the laser field intensity by proper choice of the resonance detuning could lead to the spatial dependence of the atomic scattering length [6] , i.e., so-called "collisionally inhomogeneous" BECs. The theoretical result has been demonstrated in recent experiment with the 87 Rb condensate [5] .…”

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具有空间调制非线性的物质波亮孤子的演化

Cheng¹,

Liu²

2009

中国光学快报

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The evolution characteristics of a matter-wave bright soliton are investigated by means of the variational approach in the presence of spatially varying nonlinearity. It is found that the atom density envelope of the soliton is changed as a result of the spatial variation of the s-wave scattering length. The stable soliton can exist in appropriate initial conditions. The movement of the soliton depends on the sign and value of the coefficient of spatially modulated nonlinearity. These theoretical predictions are confirmed by the full numerical simulations of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation.OCIS codes: 190.4720, 270.5530, 140.7010. doi: 10.3788/COL20090709.0834.At sufficiently low temperatures, the mean-field description of the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dynamics is based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with the trapping potential, also called GrossPitaevskii equation, for the mean-field wave function ψ in three-dimensions [1] . ψ is normalized to the number N ′ = |ψ| 2 dr of condensed atoms. In the realistic experimental setting, an external electromagnetic field is used to produce, trap, and manipulate the BEC. Experiments with BECs have now acquired a high degree of control over the key parameters of the system. Using a strongly anisotropic trapping potential, it is possible to freeze the atomic motion along one or several directions; therefore, one realizes in this way the BEC with reduced dimensionality [2,3] . Using Feshbach resonances driven by a magnetic [4] or optical [5] field, one can also adjust almost at will the interaction strength and sign between the atoms. Recently, the dynamics of matter-wave solitons with different types of management of system parameters has been under intensive investigations. Two types of modulations have been considered: dispersion and nonlinearity management, which can occur both in time and in space. In nonlinearity modulation, Fedichev et al. predicted that the spatial variation of the laser field intensity by proper choice of the resonance detuning could lead to the spatial dependence of the atomic scattering length [6] , i.e., so-called "collisionally inhomogeneous" BECs. The theoretical result has been demonstrated in recent experiment with the 87 Rb condensate [5] . In the experiment, atoms in a 87 Rb condensate are exposed to laser light which is tuned close to the transition frequency to an excited molecular state. By controlling the power and detuning of the laser beam the atomic scattering length is changed over one order of magnitude, from 10a 0 to 190a 0 (a 0 is the Bohr radius). It is well known that the nonlinearity term in the NLSE is introduced by the inter-atomic interactions, which are taken into regard through an effective mean field. The coefficient of the nonlinear term is controlled by the s-wave scattering length a s , whose sign and magnitude determine many of the fundamental properties of BECs such as their shape or collective excitations. Motivated by the experiment, a lot of theoretical work has been carried out re...

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Influence of Nearly Resonant Light on the Scattering Length in Low-Temperature Atomic Gases

Abstract: Influence of nearly resonant light on the scattering length in low-temperature atomic gases Fedichev, P.; Kagan, Y.M.; Shlyapnikov, G.V.; Walraven, J.T.M.

Cited by 475 publications

References 12 publications

Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms

Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms

Stable and mobile two-dimensional dipolar ring-dark-in-bright Bose–Einstein condensate soliton

具有空间调制非线性的物质波亮孤子的演化

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