Influence of Nitrogen, Calcium and Nano-Fertilizer on Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Fruit Inner and Outer Quality

Abstract

The production system, especially fertilisation has an important effect on yield and quality of strawberries. In the present study, plants were fertilized with different doses of nitrogen (0–100% recommended doses), calcium chelate, as well as nano fertilizer Lithovit. Strawberry cultivar ‘Clery’ yield and quality parameters (fruit color and firmness) including nutritional indicators (total soluble solids, sugars, organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds) were monitored. Volatiles were identified and monitored using headspace solid phase microextraction and analysed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds with high performance liquid chromatography. Organic acids and phenolic compounds were detected with mass spectrometer (HPLC/MS). Both nitrogen and calcium fertilisation had altered sugars, organic acids, volatile and phenolic contents in strawberry fruits. Fertilisation with higher doses of nitrogen and calcium increased the content of unpleasant aromas aldehydes hexanal (up to 3.8-fold) and (E)-2-hexen-1- (up to 3.7-fold). The content of fruity esters was uppermost in fruits fertilised with nano-fertiliser Lithovit (up to 2.3-fold). Fertilisation with N and Ca decreased the strength of ketone and terpenoids fruity aroma. The highest content of total phenols, as well as all individual hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were obtained in the nano-fertiliser Lithovit treatment. Fertilisation, especially with nitrogen, had mostly negative impact on strawberry flavour while nano-fertilization with Lithovit improved strawberry phenolic content and aroma.

Biological Nanofertilizers to Enhance Growth Potential of Strawberry Seedlings by Boosting Photosynthetic Pigments, Plant Enzymatic Antioxidants, and Nutritional Status

“…The plants are also vulnerable during periods of flowering, fruit setting, and ripening [ 30 ]. Strawberry seedling growth can be enhanced by applying amendments such as melatonin under Cd stress [ 32 ], auxin application (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA) in saline soils [ 33 ], CeO 2 nanoparticles [ 34 ], nutrients such as molybdenum [ 35 ], nano-zeolite [ 36 ], nano-calcium [ 37 ], and other nanofertilizers [ 38 ], organic fertilizer after soil fumigation [ 39 ], and 5-aminolevulinic acid under salt stress [ 40 ].…”

Recent Trends in Nano-Fertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture under Climate Change for Global Food Security

“…Ag NPs also alter other metal-regulated genes, suggesting that they have an impact on cellular metal homeostasis [ 157 ]. CuO NPs also reduced the output of luminous pyoverdine siderophores in P. chlororaphis by inhibiting the gene expression associated with their periplasmic maturation and secretion [ 158 ]. Ag NPs may alter other proteins related to metal detoxification, oxidative stress resistance, elongation and processes of transcription, cytoskeleton remodeling, protein loss, and cell division [ 159 ].…”

Precision Agriculture Using Soil Sensor Driven Machine Learning for Smart Strawberry Production

“…While the water content had a significant effect on yield, P fertilizers had a significant effect on the sweetness ratio. However, they noticed a decline in the yield, sweetness ratio, and firmness when they applied fertilizer and water extravagantly [ 10 , 14 ]. The sweetness ratio and the development of the strawberry cultivars are reflected in the ripening stage of the fruit, which affects the strawberry color [ 15 ].…”