Influence of Nitrogen Fertility Practices on Hop Cone Quality

Iskra, Anne E.; Lafontaine, Scott; Trippe, Kristin M.; Massie, Stephen T.; Phillips, Claire L.; Twomey, Megan C.; Shellhammer, Thomas H.; Gent, David H.

doi:10.1080/03610470.2019.1616276

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Massie (personal communication) has reported its incidence in one North Carolina hop yard. Limited incidence of powdery mildew in the region may be due to lower N fertilization relative to the PNW as suggested by D.H. Gent (personal communication) and according to findings by Iskra et al (2019). Other diseases of economic importance encountered in Virginia and North Carolina include fusarium canker caused by Fusarium sambucinum (Judd, 2018; S.T.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States

Rutto

Ren

et al. 2021

hortte

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‘Hop’ (Humulus lupulus) cultivar trials were conducted at sites in three Virginia counties (Northampton, Chesterfield, and Madison) in response to demand by the craft beer industry for local ingredients. In 2016, a replicated study involving five cultivars (Cascade, Chinook, Newport, Nugget, and Zeus) was established on an 18-ft-tall trellis system at each site. Weather data influencing infectivity of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis), two economically important hop diseases, was collected, and to the extent possible, similar cultural practices were applied at each site. Climatic conditions favorable to P. humuli and P. macularis were present throughout the experimental period, and P. humuli infection was widespread at all sites starting from 2017. Among common pests, Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) was the only one observed to cause significant damage. Unseasonably high rainfall in 2018 led to crop failure at all but the Northampton site, and harvesting was done at all sites only in 2017 and 2019. Yields (kilograms per hectare by weight) in 2017 were found to be ≥45% lower than second-year estimates for yards in the north and northwestern United States. Quality attributes (α and β acids; essential oil) for cones harvested from the Chesterfield site were comparable to published ranges for ‘Cascade’ in 2019, but lower for the other cultivars. More work is needed to identify or develop cultivars better suited to conditions in the southeastern United States. The influence of terroir on quality of commercial cultivars produced in the region should also be examined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States

Rutto

Ren

et al. 2021

hortte

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“…Our histochemical experiments ( Table 1 ) suggest the involvement of ethylene in interactions within trichomes, which may likewise affect trichome development, although not to the extent seen in roots, where removal of bacteria results in the complete failure of root hair elongation [ 52 ]. Iskra et al [ 96 ] showed that nitrogen fertilization of Humulus lupulus resulted in reduced secondary metabolite formation in trichomes of inflorescences. Tang et al [ 97 ] showed that nitrogen-use efficiency in Cannabis sativa is reduced when plants are treated with exogenous nitrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…De-Polli, Boyer, and Neyra [ 99 ] found that the elevation of the oxygen levels in corn tissues reduced nitrogen fixation by bacteria in those tissues. This association occurs because nitrogenase activity is suppressed by high levels of oxygen [ 96 ], which is why efficient nitrogen-fixing plants (i.e., nodule formers) reduce oxygen levels around their diazotrophic endosymbionts, using leghemoglobin to bind molecular oxygen [ 3 ]. In the nuclear endosymbiosis that we observed in the leaves of monocots and some dicots, bacteria were cultivated within the nuclei surrounded by the nuclear envelope, which may restrict the entry of oxygen into the nuclei of non-photosynthetic epidermal cells ( Table 1 ; Figure 1 and Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Micci

Zhang

Chang

et al. 2022

Biology

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We used light and confocal microscopy to visualize bacteria in leaf and bract cells of more than 30 species in 18 families of seed plants. Through histochemical analysis, we detected hormones (including ethylene and nitric oxide), superoxide, and nitrogenous chemicals (including nitric oxide and nitrate) around bacteria within plant cells. Bacteria were observed in epidermal cells, various filamentous and glandular trichomes, and other non-photosynthetic cells. Most notably, bacteria showing nitrate formation based on histochemical staining were present in glandular trichomes of some dicots (e.g., Humulus lupulus and Cannabis sativa). Glandular trichome chemistry is hypothesized to function to scavenge oxygen around bacteria and reduce oxidative damage to intracellular bacterial cells. Experiments to assess the differential absorption of isotopic nitrogen into plants suggest the assimilation of nitrogen into actively growing tissues of plants, where bacteria are most active and carbohydrates are more available. The leaf and bract cell endosymbiosis types outlined in this paper have not been previously reported and may be important in facilitating plant growth, development, oxidative stress resistance, and nutrient absorption into plants. It is unknown whether leaf and bract cell endosymbioses are significant in increasing the nitrogen content of plants. From the experiments that we conducted, it is impossible to know whether plant trichomes evolved specifically as organs for nitrogen fixation or if, instead, trichomes are structures in which bacteria easily colonize and where some casual nitrogen transfer may occur between bacteria and plant cells. It is likely that the endosymbioses seen in leaves and bracts are less efficient than those of root nodules of legumes in similar plants. However, the presence of endosymbioses that yield nitrate in plants could confer a reduced need for soil nitrogen and constitute increased nitrogen-use efficiency, even if the actual amount of nitrogen transferred to plant cells is small. More research is needed to evaluate the importance of nitrogen transfer within leaf and bract cells of plants.

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“…La floración del lúpulo se activa al reducir las horas de luz por día (Thomas and Schwabe 1969). En el hemisferio norte, las plantas de lúpulo suelen florecer entre principios y mediados de julio, cuando el tiempo de luz se reduce a menos de 16 horas diarias (Iskra et al 2019). Las plantas de lúpulo son más productivas cuando la cantidad de horas de luz diaria sostiene el buen crecimiento vegetativo antes de la inducción a floración.…”

Section: Características De Crecimiento Y Requerimientos Climáticosunclassified

Construcción del Sistema de Tutorado para Lúpulo y su Establecimiento en Florida

Agehara

Acosta-Rangel

Deng

et al. 2021

EDIS

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El lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) es un ingrediente esencial en la elaboración de cerveza, que agrega amargura y sabor a la cerveza. Impulsada por el reciente movimiento de la cerveza artesanal, la producción de lúpulo se está expandiendo hacia estados no tradicionales en la producción de lúpulo. En Florida, aunque la producción comercial de lúpulo es casi inexistente, la cantidad de cervecerías artesanales aumentó de 45 en 2011 a 285 en 2018, y el impacto económico de la industria de la cerveza artesanal en Florida supera los $3 mil millones. Este nuevo artículo de 7 páginas, escrito por Shinsuke Agehara, Aleyda Acosta-Rangel, Zhanao Deng, Jack Rechcigl y Simon Bollin, traducido por Mariel Gallardo y publicado por el Horticultural Sciences Department de UF/IFAS, proporciona pautas y consideraciones para construir el sistema de tutorado para lúpulo y su establecimiento en Florida, utilizando como modelo, el campo de investigación del UF/IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC).https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1408

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Influence of Nitrogen Fertility Practices on Hop Cone Quality

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States

Results from Hop Cultivar Trials in Mid-Atlantic United States

Histochemical Evidence for Nitrogen-Transfer Endosymbiosis in Non-Photosynthetic Cells of Leaves and Inflorescence Bracts of Angiosperms

Construcción del Sistema de Tutorado para Lúpulo y su Establecimiento en Florida

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