Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Grain Sorghum Hybrids and Inbred Lines

Mahama, G. Y.; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Mengel, D. B.; Tesso, Tesfaye

doi:10.2134/agronj14.0092

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Biomass and HI values of sorghum and the effect of rotation on these variables (biomass and HI) that we report here are in line with previous research (Mahama et al, 2014;Peterson and Varvel, 1989;Prihar and Stewart, 1991). A significant effect of various rotations on biomass and wheat HI was also reported (López-Bellido et al, 2000;Mrabet, 2011;Turner, 2004).…”

Section: Biomass and Harvest Indexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

et al. 2017

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Diverse crop rotations sustain crop productivity by increasing crop water productivity and improving soil structure. Th e objective of this study was to compare two 4-yr winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) rotations in terms of grain yield, available soil water, and water productivity along with continuous winter wheat. A fi eld study was conducted from 1996 through 2015 on a deep silt loam soil near Tribune, KS. Th e study consisted of three crop rotations: continuous annual wheat (WW), wheat-wheat-sorghumfallow (WWSF), and wheat-sorghum-sorghum-fallow (WSSF). Grain yield, biomass, water productivity, and soil water were all greater for sorghum aft er wheat compared with sorghum aft er sorghum. Similarly, grain yield, biomass, water productivity, and soil water were all greater for wheat aft er fallow compared with wheat aft er wheat. Th e yield of the second wheat crop was 80% of the fi rst wheat crop in WWSF, whereas the yield of a second sorghum was only 63% of the fi rst sorghum crop in WSSF. Th e average crop water productivity (7 kg ha -1 mm -1 ) of the WSSF rotation was greater than the other rotations. On average, the WSSF system produced 2.05 Mg ha -1 yr -1 wheat equivalent yield (WEY), which was similar to the 1.96 Mg ha -1 yr -1 WEY from the WWSF rotation and greater than WW, which produced 1.53 Mg ha -1 yr -1 of wheat grain. A WSF rotation would have produced 2.0 Mg ha -1 yr -1 WEY, so the 4-yr rotations were not more productive than a 3-yr WSF rotation.

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Section: Biomass and Harvest Indexsupporting

confidence: 92%

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

et al. 2017

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“…It was also noted that soil aluminum caused significant stress for sorghum. The amounts of N, P, and K in soils are critical to determine fertilizer doses incorporated to soils to increase the yields of sorghum as well as other crops [30,31]. Small amount of nutrients, particularly Zn, Fe, and Mn applied by foliar spraying significantly promote the yield of crops [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Sowing Times, Densities, and Soils to Biomass and Ethanol Yield of Sweet Sorghum

Xuan

Phuong²,

Khang³

et al. 2015

Sustainability

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Abstract:The use of biofuels helps to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels and therefore decreases CO2 emission. Ethanol mixed with gasoline in mandatory percentages has been used in many countries. However, production of ethanol mainly depends on food crops, commonly associated with problems such as governmental policies and social controversies. Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the most potential and appropriate alternative crops for biofuel production because of its high biomass and sugar content, strong tolerance to environmental stress conditions and diseases, and wide adaptability to various soils and climates. The aim of this study was to select prospective varieties of sweet sorghum, optimum sowing times and densities to achieve high yields of ethanol production and to establish stable operational conditions in cultivating this crop. The summer-autumn cropping season combined with the sowing densities of 8.3-10.9 plant m −2

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“…Both per se performance and combining ability of the inbred parents have been used separately or in combination to predict hybrid performance for different crops including sorghum (Mahama et al, 2014;Kenga et al, 2006); maize (Kebede et al, 2013;Makanda et al, 2010) and rice (Xie et al, 2014). The aforementioned studies have reported positive correlations between inbred per se performance and their hybrid grain yield performance under both drought stress and non-stressed conditions in subtropical and tropical environments.…”

Section: Per Se Performance and Combining Ability Of Inbred Parentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in dry matter accumulation, which can be related to increased plant height and tiller numbers, and partitioning of dry matter at maturity into grain number and grain weight were found to significantly contribute to grain yield performance in maize (Borrás and Gambin, 2010;Tollenaar et al, 2004), and in sorghum (Mahama et al, 2014;van Oesterom and Hammer, 2008).…”

Section: Dissection Of Grain Yield Into Component Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grain number and grain size generally having the greatest effect on hybrid grain yield across a range of crops including maize and sorghum (Borras and Gambin, 2010;Mahama et al, 2014). However, the negative relationship frequently observed between grain number and grain size has indicated there is a trade-off between the two traits (Sadras, 2007).…”

Section: 2introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Mindaye¹

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The increase superiority in characteristics such as size, growth rate, fertility, yield and general fitness of hybrids produced by crossing genetically diverse inbred parents is well established in many plant and animal species. This phenomenon has been exploited to produce commercial cultivars in a range of crop species including sorghum.In sorghum F1 hybrid seed is produced by crossing genetically distinct restorer (R lines) and cytoplasmic male sterile seed parent (A lines). In the developed world commercial cultivars are almost exclusively F1 hybrids and are increasingly being used in the developing countries. In spite of the yield advantage in some circumstances, however, hybrids developed using introduced parental lines have not been adopted by Ethiopian farmers primarily because of the extra cost of purchasing seed has not been outweighed by the benefits of introduced hybrids in particular the lack of farmer preferred traits such as tall stature and larger grain size. The development of hybrids using locally adapted genotypes could have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of introduced hybrids. However, the complex cytoplasmic male sterility system and prevalence of restorer genes complicate the development of new Additionally, the hybrids derived from these locally adapted genotypes will have the benefit of containing farmers preferred traits. The groups most divergent from the introduced A/B lines were the Ethiopian landraces adapted to highland and intermediate agro-ecologies and a subset of lowland adapted genotypes. These genotype groups were also grouped distinctly from the introduced R lines, and hence provide highly divergent parental lines for hybrid development in Ethiopia.The performance and magnitude of heterosis of 139 F1 hybrids, derived from introduced seed parents crossed with selected locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines, were evaluated in three contrasting environments. The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis (BPH)iii of 19% and a 29% increase in grain yield, on average, in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines. In addition, these hybrids were also found to be superior in plant height and grain weight. The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52 % in the intermediate, in addition to increased grain weight. The magnitude of heterosis between the three hybrid groups reflected the genetic distance between the genotype groups with the A/B lines.These results highlight the potential of locally adapted genotypes for the exploitation of heterosis in Ethiopia.In order to understand the genetic basis of increased hybrid performance, the relationship between yield component traits was assessed and the genetic variance for each subset of hybrid group was partitioned into parental lines and their interaction effects. In the lowland environment, increase in grain number and grain weight contributed to increased yield of the lowland adapted hybrids in comparison to the intro...

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Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Grain Sorghum Hybrids and Inbred Lines

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

Yield and Soil Water in Three Dryland Wheat and Grain Sorghum Rotations

Influence of Sowing Times, Densities, and Soils to Biomass and Ethanol Yield of Sweet Sorghum

Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

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