Influence of nitrogen supply and sink strength on changes in leaf nitrogen compounds during senescence in two wheat cultivars

Abstract

Changes in various nitrogen compounds during senescence of the fourth leaf were studied in two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). One of the cultivars (Yecora) was supplied with two N levels; the other (Tauro) was grown with the high N level and pruned above the fourth leaf, whereas the control was left intact. In both cultivars grown with high N supply, net nitrogen export from the fourth leaf did not occur until 35 days after sowing (DAS). Loss of leaf soluble proteins started earlier than that of chlorophylis, and coincided initially with an increase in insoluble protein. In N deficient plants the level of total N, soluble protein, and the activity of nitrate reductase (NRA. EC 1.6.6.1) started to decrease about 5 days earlier, and along with chlorophyll, continued to decrease at a faster rate, than in high N plants. Also, with low N supply, the large subunit (LSU, 58 kDa) of ribulose‐1.5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) decreased in greater proportion than other soluble proteins, while with high N supply the decrease in Rubisco LSU was similar to that of other soluble proteins. Nitrogen deficiency caused a greater decrease in soluble proteins than in insoluble proteins, and NRA relative to soluble proteins. The faster senescing Tauro cultivar had lower levels of most parameters, especially NRA, soluble protein and, after 35 DAS. Rubisco LSU as a proportion of soluble protein. The decrease in sink strength due to shoot pruning did generally not affect the level of the various nitrogenous compounds until 35 DAS; thereafter the levels of most parameters, especially soluble protein, Rubisco LSU and, at late stages of senescence, insoluble protein, were higher in pruned than in control shoots. Thus, shoot pruning slows down senescence. The 56‐ and 78‐kDa polypeptides increased, rather than decreased, with leaf age; the level of these two polypeptides showed a negative relationship with Rubisco LSU (r = ‐0.933 and r = ‐0.758, respectively).

The response of nodulated alfalfa to water supply, temperature and elevated CO2: photosynthetic downregulation

“…The precipitate was dissolved in 65 m M Tris‐HCl (pH 6.8), 25% glycerol (v/v), 0.6 M β‐mercaptoethanol, 2.5% SDS (w/v) and 0.01% bromophenol blue at a temperature of 96°C for 7 min. The samples were cooled to room temperature and loaded onto a 13% SDS‐PAGE gel (Martín del Molino et al 1995). The solubilized proteins were separated by a discontinuous SDS‐PAGE system (Laemmli 1970) using a 0.75 mm thick gel (13% separating, 4% stacking).…”

Nitrate is a negative signal for fructan synthesis, and the fructosyltransferase‐inducing trehalose inhibits nitrogen and carbon assimilation in excised barley leaves

“…The precipitate was dissolved in 65 m m Tris‐HCl (pH 6.8), 25% glycerol, 0.6 m β‐mercaptoethanol, 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 0.01% bromophenol blue at 96°C for 7 min. The samples were cooled at room temperature and loaded on a 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) gel (Martín del Molino et al ., 1995). The proteins were electroblotted to PVDF membranes using a semidry transfer unit ( trans blot; Bio‐Rad, Madrid, Spain).…”

Increased photosynthesis following partial defoliation of field-grown Eucalyptus globulus seedlings is not caused by increased leaf nitrogen

“…This N likely accumulated as a soluble protein (e.g., Ovaska et al 1993a) other than Rubisco. It is well established that leaves remaining on plants subjected to pruning or defoliation tend to exhibit extended longevity (Nowak and Caldwell 1984, Crafts-Brandner 1991, Martín del Molino et al 1995, and it seems reasonable to suggest that N loaded into leaves might first be retained in a form requiring little maintenance. Further analysis of storage proteins (and other forms of stored N) in foliage would provide insight into leaf N economics.…”