Influence of Non-commercial Fuel Supply Systems on Small Engine SI Exhaust Emissions in Terms of European Approval Regulations

Abstract

The development and operation of road infrastructure requires machines and equipment driven by low-powered internal combustion engines. The authors of this paper examined five small spark-ignition engines. They used the most popular commercial design on the market, the Lifan GX 390, with a carburettor power system, and another commercial power unit with the most innovative power system, the Honda iGX 390, characterised by an electronically controlled carburettor flap. The remaining three tested constructions are proprietary solutions modernising the design of the Lifan GX 390 engine. The first is the application of an electronic injection and ignition system powered by gasoline, the second and third are systems powered by alternative fuels. Emissions tests were conducted under identical operating conditions on an engine dynamometer coinciding with European Union guidelines (Regulation 2016/1628/EU).The results of the tests showed that innovative solutions in most cases reduced CO,CO2, and HC emissions while increasing NOx compounds.

Positive pressure ventilator of a conventional type working in sets – analysis of the effectiveness of positioning methods

“…A feature of ventilators powered by an internal combustion engine is the combustion unit, classified in the European Union as a non-road machine, which is covered by regulations included in EU Regulation 2016/1628/EU on permissible gaseous emissions 18 . Regulations for engines covered by the indicated regulation are less stringent compared to road vehicles [20][21] . This is related, among other things, to the size and weight of these engines 25 .…”