Influence of noncircular chainring on male physiological parameters in hand cycling

Zeller, Sebastian; Abel, Thomas; Smith, Paul M.; Strueder, Heiko K.

doi:10.1682/jrrd.2014.03.0070

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The ability to make a closed-chain movement seemed to be a great advantage, as the results showed a significant improvement of 11% in PO mean (281 vs 254 W) and 25% in PO peak (415 vs 332 W) in the condition with 2-feet support compared with no foot support and an improvement of 10% in PO mean (279 vs 254 W) in the condition with 1-foot support compared with no foot support. The results of the condition with 2-feet support are in line with the results of a previous study by Zeller et al (12). That study reported a PO mean between 300 and 400 W and a PO peak between 400 and 500 W during an isokinetic sprint test.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…After these submaximal exercise tests, there was a 5-min rest, followed by an isokinetic sprint test. In accordance with Zeller et al (12), the test lasted 20 s, with an initial load of 20 N, with www.medicaljournals.se/jrm a maximum cadence of 110 rpm for the test in the AP-bike and 80 rpm for the test in the ATP-bike. Peak power output (PO peak ) was defined as the highest PO and mean power output (PO mean ) as the mean PO during the 20-s test.…”

Section: Test Protocolmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Ten able-bodied individuals (7 men, mean age 26 years and standard deviation (SD) 7 years, height 1.82 m (SD 0.04), body mass 71 kg (SD 8)) were included in this cross-sectional study. The number of participants was based on previous research in handcycling (11)(12)(13). All individuals were healthy and active, but inexperienced in handcycling.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of push-off ability and handcycle type on handcycling performance in able-bodied participants

Kouwijzer¹,

Nooijen²,

Breukelen³

et al. 2018

J Rehabil Med

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Test Protocolmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of push-off ability and handcycle type on handcycling performance in able-bodied participants

Kouwijzer¹,

Nooijen²,

Breukelen³

et al. 2018

J Rehabil Med

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“…As race distances range between 20 and 30 km for time trials and between 50 and 80 km for road races with mass starts, dependent on gender and classification, endurance capacity is one of the main performance determinants in handcycling. To date there are two exercise test procedures primarily applied to determine endurance capacity in handcycling; the lactate minimum test (LMT) (Perret et al, 2012) and the graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion (Zeller et al, 2015). The obtained test results allow the analysis of current endurance capacity to verify training adaptations and are routinely used as a time-efficient alternative to predict maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) (Jones and Doust, 1998; Billat et al, 2003; Faude et al, 2009; Adam et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Different Blood Lactate Threshold Concepts for Constant Load Performance Prediction in Spinal Cord Injured Handcyclists

et al. 2019

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BackgroundEndurance capacity is one of the main performance determinants in handcycling. There are two exercise test procedures primarily applied to determine endurance capacity, to verify training adaptations and predict race performance. This study aims to evaluate the agreement of these applied concepts in handcycling.MethodsIn a repeated measures cross-over design, 11 highly trained male spinal cord injured (Th12 to L1) handcyclists (age: 40 ± 9 years, height: 183 ± 8 cm, body mass: 73.2 ± 8.5 kg) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) and a lactate minimum test (LMT) to determine lactate threshold at 4 mmol L–1 (LT4 mmol L−1) and lactate minimum (LM), respectively. The agreement of both lactate thresholds concepts for constant load performance prediction (change of ≤ 1 mmol L–1 during the last 20 min) was evaluated within constant load tests (CLT; 30 min) at a power output (PO) corresponding to LT4 mmol L–1 and LM. Oxygen uptake (V.⁢O2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (La) were measured during all tests.ResultsPower output at the corresponding thresholds (LT4 mmol L−1: 149 ± 34 W vs. LM: 137 ± 18 W) revealed no significant difference (p = 0.06). During the CLT at LT4 mmol⋅L−1 and LM, V.⁢O2, and RPE were not significantly different. However, LA, RER, and HR were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.02) during CLT at LT4 mmol L−1. Bland–Altman plots indicate a wide range of dispersion for all parameters between both lactate threshold concepts. Evaluations of LT4 mmol L−1 and LM did not meet the criteria for constant load performance within the CLT for 33 and 17% of the athletes, respectively.DiscussionBoth exercise tests and the corresponding lactate threshold concept revealed appropriate estimates to predict a steady state performance for the majority of participants. However, as PO determination at LT4 mmol L−1 and LM exceeds the criteria for constant load performance (increase of ≥ 1 mmol L–1) for 33 and 17% respectively the current results indicate the common criteria for constant load performance (change of ± 1 mmol L–1) might not be sufficiently precise for elite athletes in handcycling. Consequently, exercise test results of elite athletes should be analyzed individually and verified by means of several CLT.

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“…Por fim, 18 artigos foram excluídos por tratar do estudo de pedivelas assimétricos, ou por estudar o uso de CNC, em handbike (tipo de equipamento utilizado por ciclistas sem a movimentação das pernas). De todas referências encontradas, foram excluídas as que não se tratavam de CNC, ou que apresentavam uso de CNC em bicicletas que não são convencionais, como foi o caso de um único artigo que relatou os efeitos fisiológicos em para-ciclistas que utilizaram CNC em suas handbike 20 . Por fim, 13 artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão, pois compararam os efeitos do uso de CC e CNC sobre o desempenho e nas variáveis biomecânicas e fisiológicas de ciclistas.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeito do uso de coroas não circulares sobre o desempenho de ciclistas: revisão de literatura.

et al. 2019

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Efeito do uso de coroas não circulares sobre o desempenho de ciclistas: revisão de literaturaEffect of the use of non-circular chainrings on the performance ofcyclists: literature review ResumoObjetivo: Verificar a influência do uso de coroas-não-circulares (CNC) e coroas-circulares (CC) sobre os parâmetros biomecânicos, fisiológicos e no desempenho de ciclistas. Métodos: Após busca nas principais bases de dados (PubMed, SpringLink, ScienceDirect, ScienceReserch e Google Scholar), foram encontrados 31 artigos relacionados ao tema, dos quais 13 foram selecionados para uma análise aprofundada. Três artigos estudaram a CNC Biopace®, cinco a CNC Osymetric®, cinco a CNC Q-Ring® e três estudaram outros tipos de CNC. Resultados: Nove dos 13 artigos revisados apresentaram em seus resultados algum tipo de interferência nas variáveis analisadas. Conclusão: O uso de CNC apresentou efeito positivo, principalmente em atividade anaeróbia, com é o caso de modalidades como BMX, mas ainda existe pouca comprovação da melhora no desempenho em atividades aeróbias. Outras alterações foram, a redução do momento de força sagital durante extensão do joelho e o aumento de força tangencial nos pedais.Palavras chave: coroas não circulares, desempenho, ciclismo. AbstractObjective: To verify the influence of the use of non-circular chainrings (CNC) and circular chainrings (CC) on the biomechanical, physiological and performance parameters of cyclists. Methods: After sear ching the main databases (PubMed, SpringLink, ScienceDirect, ScienceReserch and Google Scholar), 31 articles related to the topic were found, of which 12 were selected for in-depth analysis. Three articles studied the CNC Biopace®, five the CNC Osymetric®, five the CNC Q-Ring® and two studied other types of CNC. Results: The use of CNC showed a positive effect, mainly in anaerobic activity, as is the case with modalities such as BMX, but there is still little evidence of improvement in aerobic performance. Other changes were ther eduction of the moment of sagittal strength during knee extension and the increase of tangential force on the pedals.

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Influence of noncircular chainring on male physiological parameters in hand cycling

Cited by 22 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of push-off ability and handcycle type on handcycling performance in able-bodied participants

Effects of push-off ability and handcycle type on handcycling performance in able-bodied participants

Comparison of Different Blood Lactate Threshold Concepts for Constant Load Performance Prediction in Spinal Cord Injured Handcyclists

Efeito do uso de coroas não circulares sobre o desempenho de ciclistas: revisão de literatura.

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