Influence of Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Bacterial Gut Microbiota on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Response: A Study from South India

Praharaj, Ira; Parker, Edward P K; Giri, Sidhartha; Allen, David J.; Silas, Sophia; Revathi, R; Kaliappan, Saravanakumar Puthupalayam; John, Jacob; Prasad, Jasmin Helan; Kampmann, Beate; Iturriza‐Gómara, Miren; Grassly, Nicholas C; Kang, Gagandeep

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy568

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A systematic review supports that concurrent enterovirus infection is consistently associated with decreased seroconversion for some types of PV, and in general that concurrent diarrhea which could be attributed to different enteropathogens is associated with decreased per-dose seroconversion overall [120]. Recently acquired enterovirus infections seem to have more dramatic effects in preventing immune response development than persistent infections [121]. In addition to enterovirus infections inhibiting effective immune responses to OPV, there have been more recent studies suggesting these may also impair effective RV vaccine responses.…”

Section: Co-infection Effects On Vaccines and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Makimaa

Ingle

Baldridge

2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enteric viral co-infections, infections involving more than one virus, have been reported for a diverse group of etiological agents, including rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and enteroviruses. These pathogens are causative agents for acute gastroenteritis and diarrheal disease in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals of all ages globally. Despite virus–virus co-infection events in the intestine being increasingly detected, little is known about their impact on disease outcomes or human health. Here, we review what is currently known about the clinical prevalence of virus–virus co-infections and how co-infections may influence vaccine responses. While experimental investigations into enteric virus co-infections have been limited, we highlight in vivo and in vitro models with exciting potential to investigate viral co-infections. Many features of virus–virus co-infection mechanisms in the intestine remain unclear, and further research will be critical.

show abstract

Section: Co-infection Effects On Vaccines and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Makimaa

Ingle

Baldridge

2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Median ages of infants at the time of the first, second and third stool sampling were 9.9 (9.6-10.8), 12.0 (11.4-12.9) and 14. www.nature.com/scientificreports/ respectively. Infants were sampled a median of 27 (24-28) days after administration of the first OPV vaccine and 9.5 (8-10) and 28.8 (27)(28)(29)(30) days after the second OPV vaccination. Viral metagenomic sequencing analysis of the 87 stool samples yielded a total of 1.6 billion sequence reads, with a median of 17.6 million reads per sample (14.7-20.4 million; Fig.…”

Section: Stool Virome Composition In Bangladeshi Infants Of 90 Stoolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic sequencing of stool samples in Bangladeshi infants: virome association with poliovirus shedding after oral poliovirus vaccination

Granados

Bouquet

Hoy-Schulz

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential role of enteric viral infections and the developing infant virome in affecting immune responses to the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is unknown. Here we performed viral metagenomic sequencing on 3 serially collected stool samples from 30 Bangladeshi infants following OPV vaccination and compared findings to stool samples from 16 age-matched infants in the United States (US). In 14 Bangladeshi infants, available post-vaccination serum samples were tested for polio-neutralizing antibodies. The abundance (p = 0.006) and richness (p = 0.013) of the eukaryotic virome increased with age and were higher than seen in age-matched US infants (p < 0.001). In contrast, phage diversity metrics remained stable and were similar to those in US infants. Non-poliovirus eukaryotic virus abundance (3.68 log10 vs. 2.25 log10, p = 0.002), particularly from potential viral pathogens (2.78log10 vs. 0.83log10, p = 0.002), and richness (p = 0.016) were inversely associated with poliovirus shedding. Following vaccination, 28.6% of 14 infants tested developed neutralizing antibodies to all three Sabin types and also exhibited higher rates of poliovirus shedding (p = 0.020). No vaccine-derived poliovirus variants were detected. These results reveal an inverse association between eukaryotic virome abundance and poliovirus shedding. Overall gut virome ecology and concurrent viral infections may impact oral vaccine responsiveness in Bangladeshi infants.

show abstract

“…Finally, we do not report on the commensal intestinal microbiota here, which is known to have immunomodulatory effects 3 . However, in a subset of infants from this study the bacterial microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool and found not to correlate with OPV immunogenicity or shedding 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In the case of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), enterovirus infection at the time of vaccination is associated with a modest decline in vaccine immunogenicity 27,28 . Recent data suggest this may be the case for oral rotavirus vaccine too 29 , which is also affected by coadministration of the live-attenuated OPV 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune predictors of oral poliovirus vaccine immunogenicity among infants in South India

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identification of the causes of poor oral vaccine immunogenicity in low-income countries might lead to more effective vaccines. We measured mucosal and systemic immune parameters at the time of vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in 292 Indian infants aged 6-11 months, including plasma cytokines, leukocyte counts, fecal biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and peripheral blood T-cell phenotype, focused on gut-homing regulatory CD4+ populations. We did not find a distinct immune phenotype associated with OPV immunogenicity, although viral pathogens were more prevalent in stool at the time of immunization among infants who failed to seroconvert (63.9% vs. 45.6%, p = 0.002). Using a machine-learning approach, we could predict seroconversion a priori using immune parameters and infection status with a median 58% accuracy (cross-validation IQR: 50-69%) compared with 50% expected by chance. Better identification of immune predictors of OPV immunogenicity is likely to require sampling of mucosal tissue and improved oral poliovirus infection models.npj Vaccines (2020) 5:27 ; https://doi.

show abstract

Influence of Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Bacterial Gut Microbiota on Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Response: A Study from South India

Abstract: Enteric viruses have greater impact on OPV response than the bacterial microbiota with recent enterovirus infections having greater inhibitory effect than persistent infections.

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Enteric Viral Co-Infections: Pathogenesis and Perspective

Metagenomic sequencing of stool samples in Bangladeshi infants: virome association with poliovirus shedding after oral poliovirus vaccination

Immune predictors of oral poliovirus vaccine immunogenicity among infants in South India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About