“…In cattle, IVP efficiency varies from 42 to 50% (Costa et al, 2013;Santana et al, 2014a;. However, the efficiency is lower for sheep (26-35%) (Shirazi et al, 2012;Mara et al, 2013;Naderi et al, 2016), buffalos (15-22%) (Di Francesco et al, 2011;Kumar et al, 2012;Gasparrini et al, 2014), pigs (13-22%) (Yoshioka et al, 2012;Nguyen et al, 2015;, and goats (10-19%) (Kątska-Książkiewicz et al, 2007;Rodríguez-Dorta et al, 2007;Masudul Hoque et al, 2012). Long time research in IVP improvements certainly correlates with the high efficiency observed in cattle (Parrish, 2014), and also indicate that IVP may be potentially improved in other livestock animals if their biological requirements could be addressed.…”