Influence of optic flow on the control of heading and target egocentric direction during steering toward a goal

Li, Li

doi:10.1152/jn.00697.2013

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Firstly, the improvements of steering profiles along with higher RR in flow fields are consistent with studies reporting that the addition of flow assists heading control (Li and Warren 2002, Wilkie and Wann 2002, Wilkie and Wann 2003, Li, Stone et al 2011, Li and Cheng 2011a, Li and Cheng 2013, Li and Niehorster 2014. Secondly, our results are in line with who showed that, despite perceiving heading accurately, participants can sometimes produce poor performance in a steering-towards-a-target tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Li et al also discovered that with richer optic flow, participants could better correct heading errors caused by pseudo-random perturbations (Li, Stone et al 2011). In a more recent experiment, Li et al confirmed that both visual direction and optic flow are used in steering but humans react faster to visual direction (Li and Niehorster 2014). In summary, a number of studies confirmed that both visual direction and optic flow are used for self-locomotion.…”

Section: Chapter Three -Study 2: a Test Of Steering In Optic Flow Expmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…More recently studies such as those carried out by Li et al (Li and Niehorster 2014) heading. From the results, they suggested that humans react more quickly to changes in visual direction.…”

Section: Figure 2 Explains the Concept Of Target Drift (Left) And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Gibson (Gibson 1950, Gibson 1958) first introduced the concept of optic flow, many follow-up studies have served to confirm that optic flow plays an important role in human locomotion (Warren and Hannon 1988, Warren and Hannon 1990, Hildreth 1992, Van den Berg 1993, Banks, Ehrlich et al 1996, Ehrlich, Beck et al 1998, Lappe, Bremmer et al 1999, Warren, Kay et al 2001, Wilkie and Wann 2002, Wilkie and Wann 2003, Li, Stone et al 2011, Kountouriotis, Shire et al 2013, Li and Niehorster 2014. It is currently generally believed that with sufficient optic flow and extra-retinal information (i.e.…”

Section: Chapter Three -Study 2: a Test Of Steering In Optic Flow Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensorimotor basis of motor vehicle control

Xu¹

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Driving represents one of the most common modes of transport world-wide. It is also one of the major causes of death and injury in developed societies prompting technological innovations through which computers share or assume control of the task of driving, through a range of Advanced Driver Assisting Systems (ADAS). Given the lengthy and substantial investment in such systems it is perhaps surprising how little we understand about how humans control motor vehicles and why, on occasion, this control fails. This is actually a problem. Driver-assist systems that do not understand human drivers well can be dangerous and promote unforeseen risks. For example, anti-lock braking systems, which are designed to prevent skidding during heavy braking, do not always have the positive impact on safety one might expect (Farmer, Lund et al. 1997, Sagberg, Fosser et al. 1997, perhaps because their operation does not mesh seamlessly with the expectations of drivers or other road users.One route to gaining a better understanding of the control processes employed by drivers, is through the study of situations in which standard steering strategies fail. In this thesis the In this thesis, we investigated this effect in a series of experiments aimed at getting to the bottom of the causes of this error. The thesis begins by seeking to generalize the effect from the special case of a straight road which was the focus of earlier studies. This was deemed important because a typical steering wheel has a natural tendency to re-centre itself. It is possible that this behaviour reduces the active steering movements a driver must make during a lane change, since they do not have to actively return the steering-wheel to the neutral position. For that reason, we designed a circular road on which a non-zero steering wheel angle was required at all times. Through this study, we were able to conclude that the effect does generalize.In a second set of experiments we attempted to investigate which visual cues are essential for drivers to correct their error. Apparently, a normal road with redundant information provides sufficient visual feedback for drivers to make a lane change. However, it is of interest to know to what extent the visual feedback can be reduced and still meet the minimum requirement. In our study, we chose optic flow as a starting point. Optic flow has previously been shown to suffice for the purpose of heading perception and heading control.A number of 'steering-towards-a-target' studies also found that optic flow is tightly related to ii steering performance. Hence, we asked whether optic flow was sufficient for controlling a lane change manoeuvre and, unlike much of the previous studies on flow, we posed the question in an active steering task, revealing that flow alone is not sufficient to prompt correct lane changing behaviour.In the concluding set of experiments we took our studies out into the field. Most previous studies on lane changing have been conducted in driving simulators. Simulators are limited in that th...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Chapter Three -Study 2: a Test Of Steering In Optic Flow Expmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Figure 2 Explains the Concept Of Target Drift (Left) And Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chapter Three -Study 2: a Test Of Steering In Optic Flow Expmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensorimotor basis of motor vehicle control

Xu¹

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“…G. Harris & Carré, 2001;W. H. Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, & Sahuc, 2001; J. M. Harris & Bonas, 2002;Li & Cheng, 2013;Li & Niehorster, 2014). In simulated locomotion and steering tasks, the role of target egocentric direction, is normally not considered when a strong egocentric reference frame is missing.…”

Section: Differential Effects Of Simulated Gaze Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability to identify scene-relative object movement is not limited by, or yoked to, ability to perceive heading

Rushton

Chen

2018

Journal of Vision

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During locomotion humans can judge where they are heading relative to the scene and the movement of objects within the scene. Both judgments rely on identifying global components of optic flow. What is the relationship between the perception of heading, and the identification of object movement during self-movement? Do they rely on a shared mechanism? One way to address these questions is to compare performance on the two tasks. We designed stimuli that allowed direct comparison of the precision of heading and object movement judgments. Across a series of experiments, we found the precision was typically higher when judging scene-relative object movement than when judging heading. We also found that manipulations of the content of the visual scene can change the relative precision of the two judgments. These results demonstrate that the ability to judge scene-relative object movement during self-movement is not limited by, or yoked to, the ability to judge the direction of self-movement.

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When flow is not enough: evidence from a lane changing task

Wallis

2018

Psychological Research

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Humans are able to estimate their heading on the basis of optic flow information and it has been argued that we use flow in this way to guide navigation. Consistent with this idea, several studies have reported good navigation performance in flow fields. However, one criticism of these studies is that they have generally focused on the task of walking or steering towards a target, offering an additional, salient directional cue. Hence, it remains a matter of debate as to whether humans are truly able to control steering in the presence of optic flow alone. In this study, we report a set of maneuvers carried out in flow fields in the absence of a physical target. To do this, we studied the everyday task of lane changing, a commonplace multiphase steering maneuver which can be conceptualized without the need for a target. What is more (and here is the crucial quirk), previous literature has found that in the absence of visual feedback, drivers show a systematic, asymmetric steering response, resulting in a systematic final heading error. If optic flow is sufficient for controlling navigation through our environment, we would expect this asymmetry to disappear whenever optic flow is provided. However, our results show that this asymmetry persisted, even in the presence of a flow field, implying that drivers are unable to use flow to guide normal steering responses in this task.

show abstract

Influence of optic flow on the control of heading and target egocentric direction during steering toward a goal

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Sensorimotor basis of motor vehicle control

Sensorimotor basis of motor vehicle control

Ability to identify scene-relative object movement is not limited by, or yoked to, ability to perceive heading

When flow is not enough: evidence from a lane changing task

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