Influence of Oral Hygiene and Smoking on Pain and Swelling After Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

Larrazábal, Carolina; García, Berta; Peñarrocha, María; Peñarrocha, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2009.07.061

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…4 Outcomes were not adjusted for tobacco use; tobacco use postoperatively has been shown to increase postoperative pain. 31 Despite the limitations, the data do suggest a possible beneficial impact of cryotherapy or topical minocycline, moderating postoperative pain in the first few days after third molar surgery. The topic should be studied further in a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cryotherapy and Topical Minocycline as Adjunctive Measures to Control Pain After Third Molar Surgery: An Exploratory Study

Gelesko

Long

Faulk

et al. 2011

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Purpose To assess the impact of cryotherapy or topical minocycline on patients’ perceptions of recovery from pain after third molar surgery in an exploratory comparative-effectiveness study. Patients and Methods Subjects aged at least 14 years who were having all 4 third molars removed were enrolled in 3 separate institutional review board–approved studies. Study groups included subjects treated with a passively applied cold wrap for 24 hours postoperatively, subjects treated with topical minocycline during surgery, and subjects enrolled in a nonconcurrent comparison group who had received neither topical minocycline nor directed cryotherapy. Third molar surgery was performed in all cases by trained surgeons using the same protocol. An exact Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the distributions of the worst and average pain scores and a Fisher exact test to compare verbal responses from Gracely pain scales among the 3 groups for postsurgical days (PSDs) 1 to 3. Results This study comprised 51 cryotherapy subjects (2005–2009), 63 minocycline subjects (2003–2004), and 92 comparison-group subjects (2002–2006) who were treated at academic centers and in community practices across the United States (N = 206). Demographic descriptors were similar among all groups. For PSDs 1 through 3 (unadjusted), the highest scores for worst pain (6–7 [out of 7] on Likert-type scale) were reported less frequently in each of the study groups than in subjects in the comparison group, although the numbers of subjects reporting the highest scores were few. The distribution of pain outcomes was significantly different among the 3 groups for worst pain and affective words on PSD 1 (P = .04 for both). However, the small number of subjects who reported the highest pain scores precluded adequate multivariate statistical analyses for all outcomes on PSD 1 to 3. Conclusions Data from this exploratory study suggest that adjunctive therapy to decrease postoperative pain—cryotherapy or topical minocycline—might be effective at moderating the patient’s highest pain levels after third molar surgery. The topic should be studied further in a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cryotherapy and Topical Minocycline as Adjunctive Measures to Control Pain After Third Molar Surgery: An Exploratory Study

Gelesko

Long

Faulk

et al. 2011

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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“…Smoking may exacerbate pain due to the overwhelming detrimental effect that smoking has on periodontal tissue and healing (Grossi et al, 1997). A prior study reported that smokers experienced greater pain than non-smokers at 24 hr after extraction of the third molar (Larrazabal, Garcia, Penarrocha, & Penarrocha, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of factors that influence pain experienced and the use of pain medication following periodontal surgery

Beaudette

Fritz

Sullivan

et al. 2018

J Clinic Periodontology

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AimsTo determine the relationship between anticipated pain and actual pain experienced following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery; to identify the factors that predict actual pain experienced and the use of pain medication following soft tissue grafting or implant surgery.Materials and MethodsPrior to dental implant placement (n = 98) or soft tissue grafting (n = 115) and for seven days following the procedure, patients completed a visual analog scale indicating anticipated or experienced pain, respectively. The use of pain medication and alcohol, and smoking were measured.ResultsActual pain experienced on day 1 was lower (p < .01) than anticipated pain and continued to decrease (p ≤ .01) for each of the 7 consecutive days. Anticipated and actual pain were positively correlated. Increasing age (p < .05), having sedation during the surgery (p < .05), and lower use of pain pills (p < .01) predicted lower pain experienced. Actual pain experienced was a predictor of pain pill use (p < .01). Greater nervousness (p < .01) prior to surgery was a predictor of greater anticipated pain.ConclusionsPatients anticipated more pain than they actually experienced. Sedation, age and number of pain pills used predicted pain experienced. This trial was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03064178.

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“…The pain tendency to cold, an initial sharp-then dull-type pain, spontaneous pain, difficulty chewing, and waking at night are characteristic clinical conditions. 4,14,19 However, swollen gums and difficulty swallowing are crucial items related to clinical findings of pericoronitis. 14 These are not specific symptoms for irreversible pulpitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is characterized by intermittent or spontaneous pain caused by rapid exposure to dramatic temperature changes, especially cold stimuli. 9,14 The pain may be sharp or dull, localized or referred. 4 Therefore, it is expected that severe pain is a characteristic finding for pulpal infection in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the oral health-related quality of life and dental pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and pericoronitis

Cimilli

Karaçaylı

Şişman

et al. 2012

Journal of Dental Sciences

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KEYWORDS dental pain; pericoronitis; quality of life; symptomatic irreversible pulpitis; VAS Abstract Background/purpose: The oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) reveals important information about a patient's perceptions in clinical practice, and pain is a critical point when evaluating OHRQoL in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to compare pain patterns by means of the Dental Pain-Screening Questionnaire (DePaQ) and an OHRQoL evaluation between symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and pericoronitis. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (with a female:male ratio of 22:28 and a mean age of 35.6 AE 11.8 years) and 38 patients with pericoronitis (with a female:male ratio of 21:17 and a mean age of 26.3 AE 9.08 years) were selected. In addition to a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0e100 mm), dental pain was evaluated by means of a Dental Pain Questionnaire (DePaQ). The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to examine the OHRQoL status. Results: Scores of the OHIP-14 and VAS were significantly higher in patients with irreversible pulpitis (29.9 AE 11.8 and 91.80 AE 10.03, respectively) compared to those suffering from pericoronitis (18.6 AE 8.7 and 51.05 AE 36.67, respectively; P < 0.001). According to the DePaQ, the presence of continuous pain, pain radiating to the surrounding area, pain when chewing or eating on the side of the mouth with the affected teeth, pain experienced as an electric shock, and difficulty sleeping were related to a poor OHIP-14 score in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (33.5 AE 10.57, 30.82 AE 11.4, 30.30 AE 11.55, 33.92 AE 10.28,and 27.53 AE 11.77, respectively) compared with those with pericoronitis (20. 09 AE 11.27, 20.37 AE 7.85, 19.64 AE 7.87, 20.56 AE 9.69,and 19.88 AE 7.9, respectively; P Z 0.003, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001, and 0.005, respectively). VAS scores significantly differed between groups according to all DePaQ items (P < 0.05).

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Influence of Oral Hygiene and Smoking on Pain and Swelling After Surgical Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Cryotherapy and Topical Minocycline as Adjunctive Measures to Control Pain After Third Molar Surgery: An Exploratory Study

Cryotherapy and Topical Minocycline as Adjunctive Measures to Control Pain After Third Molar Surgery: An Exploratory Study

Investigation of factors that influence pain experienced and the use of pain medication following periodontal surgery

Comparison of the oral health-related quality of life and dental pain in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and pericoronitis

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