Influence of Organic and Mineral Soil Fertilization on Essential Oil of Spilanthes oleracea cv. Jambuarana

Abstract

In the present study, the composition of essential oil of leaves and inflorescences of jambu (Spilanthes oleracea . Jambuarana), under organic manuring and mineral fertilization, was studied. Jambu plants show important chemical properties and their production has been addressed for the extraction of the essential oils for cosmetics industries, due to their pharmacological properties. The experimental area of treatments contained urea as mineral fertilizer (120 g m2), applied twice and organic fertilizer (8 kg m2), applied at the planting. Jambu leaves and flowers were harvested twice: the first at 90 days after seedling transplantation and at the opening of the flower buds. Branches were cut at 7 cm from the soil, thus new branches can bud for the accomplishment of the second crop which happened 40 days after the re-budding. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry. According to our results the most representative compounds were trans-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, 1-dodecene, spathulenol and spilanthol (a compound presenting anesthetic properties) occurring in inflorescences. Fertilization procedure does not affect the content and the quality of the essential oil in Jambu plants

Agronomic performance of jambu (Acmella oleracea) using organic fertilization

“…Organic fertilization of jambu also influences the content of plant phytochemical compounds. Borges et al (2012) observed increases of 31.6% in the content of spilantol and 16.8% of flavonoids in inflorescence, compared to conventional fertilization. Organic fertilizer induced higher levels of total phenolics, carotenoids, spermidine, and spermine in leaves and flowers of jambu than under conventional cultivation (Borges et al, 2016).There are various recommendations of organic fertilization for vegetable production; however, to define more precise doses, information, such as soil analysis, history of the place to be fertilized, and type of organic fertilization, are required.…”

“…The jambu plant (Acmella oleracea L.) is a leaf vegetable, widely consumed in the northern Brazilian region as a seasoning and medicinal herb. Its flavor is quite peculiar, its flowers producing a sensation of tingling and torpidity of the mouth mucosa, due to the presence of spilanthol (Borges et al, 2012;Borges et al, 2014). In the state of Pará, jambu is cultivated by periurban producers in small areas, together with other seasoning and leaf vegetables, such as coriander, lettuce, and chives, especially to sustain the consumption of the city of Belém and the main urban centers of the northeastern mesoregion of the state (Homma et al, 2011).…”

Comparison of powdered and fresh jambu (Acmella oleracea)

“…An important chemical property of the plant has aroused the interest of the pharmaceutical industry, due to the presence of the active ingredient known as spilanthol (Borges et al, 2012). Spilanthol is an alkylamide with several plant protection bioactivities, because it has antibacterial, antifungal and analgesic action (Veryser et al, 2014).…”

Mitos e verdades sobre a planta Jambu (Spilanthes Oleracea L.) no tratamento da COVID - 19 e suas propriedades bioativas

“…Jambuarana, apresenta um total de 66 substâncias químicas (BORGES et al, 2014). Segundo Borges et al, (2013) e Borges et al, (2012) dentre essas substâncias, tem-se o espilantol, trans-cariofileno, germacreno D, L-dodeceno e espatulenol, características bioquímicas essas que vem atraindo a atenção de empresas farmacêuticas e de cosméticos para as plantas de jambu.…”