Influence of organic-modified iron–montmorillonite on smoke-suppression properties and combustion behavior of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy composites

Abstract

In this article, the influence of organic-modified montmorillonite (Fe-OMT) on smoke-suppression properties and combustion behavior of flame-retardant epoxy (FREP) was investigated intensively. A series of intumescent FREPs (IFREPs) with different content of Fe-OMT were prepared based on EP resin as matrix resin, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythrite as intumescent flame retardants, and Fe-OMT as smoke suppressant and flame-retardant synergism. Then, the smoke-suppression properties of Fe-OMT on IFREP composites were evaluated using cone calorimeter test, smoke density test, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The influence of Fe-OMT on thermal degradation of IFREP composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis–infrared spectrometry in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The pyrolysis kinetics of the composites was investigated using Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods. The results showed that the heat release rate and smoke production rate of flame-retardant samples decrease greatly with the increasing Fe-OMT content. Fe-OMT can enhance char residues of flame-retardant samples and decrease the smoke production rate.

Enhanced flame-retardant effect of a montmorillonite/phosphaphenanthrene compound in an epoxy thermoset

“…This MMT incorporated in the residue generated by TAD/EP is believed to further improve the protective-barrier effect of the carbonaceous char layer during aming combustion. 31,37,38 3…”

“…[26][27][28] Among them, organically modi-ed montmorillonite (OMMT) is oen chosen to improve the ame resistance and thermal properties of epoxy resins and polyamides. 29,30 As OMMT can work as a protective barrier to ame, suppress smoke 31 and act as a heat storage medium, 32 it is oen used as an adjuvant to improve ame-retardant systems. 33 In this work, a DOPO derivative with phosphaphenanthrene and triazinetrione groups, TAD, was applied in epoxy resins, and its molecular structure was shown in Fig.…”

Alumina nanoflake‐coated graphene nanohybrid as a novel flame retardant filler for polypropylene

“…The incorporation of low amount of nanomaterials results in significant reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) . Montmorillonite is a typical flame retardant nanomaterial, attributing to barrier and catalytic charring effects . Catalytic carbonization actions of acidic nanomaterials, such as zeolite, organic montmorillonite, zirconium phosphate, and boron phosphate, have been confirmed in the previous studies .…”

The flammability of expandable polystyrene foams coated with melamine modified urea formaldehyde resin

“…Smoke produced in the fire could directly put people to death by suffocation or inhalation of the toxic gases . Thus, the smoke suppression is very important to evaluate the flame retardancy.…”