Influence of organic, organo-mineral and mineral fertilisers on cane traits, productivity and berry quality of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Compositional Features of the “Kweli” Red Raspberry and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities

“…These results are in agreement with those previously reported by Kafkas et al [12], which quantified 2.5-3.5 g of fructose, 2.1-2.8 g of glucose, 0.7-1.6 g of sucrose, and 5.8-7.9 g of total free sugars in 100 g servings of seven red raspberry cultivars ("Canby", "Tulameen", "Willamette", "Hollanda Boduru", "Heritage", "Meeker", and "Newburg") grown in an experimental field in Turkey. The total free sugars content was also comparable with the~5.6 g/100 g reported by Stojanov et al [11] for the "Meeker" floricane-fruiting red raspberry cultivar grown in western Serbia. According to Milivojević et al [37], the sugar content in red raspberry and other Rubus species can vary between cultivars and wild relatives.…”

“…Acidity helps to provide the desirable sugar/acid balance, which is important for the pleasant raspberry taste and thus for consumer acceptance. The sweetness index of 2.2 herein obtained for the "Kweli" red raspberry (calculated as the total sugars/total organic acids ratio) was lower than that previously described by Stojanov et al [11] for the "Meeker" cultivar (2.64), mainly due to the lower titratable acidity recorded by the authors.…”

“…The Portuguese Food Information Resource (PortFIR) platform [34] presents higher amounts of proteins (0.9 g), fat (0.6 g), and moisture (84.3 g) for 100 g edible portions of fresh raspberry, and lower values of carbohydrates (5.1 g) and ash (0.54 g). All these differences can be explained by the edaphoclimatic conditions of the cultivation sites, the agricultural practices adopted, the genetic characteristics, and the cultivar under study [11]. The fat content can also vary depending on the quantity of seeds present in the fruit [35].…”

“…From a nutritional point of view, red raspberries have been described as containing vitamins, minerals, soluble fibre, sugars, citric acid, and phenolic compounds [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Anthocyanins are of particular interest in these fruits, since these pigments provide the characteristic red-purple color, as well as bioactive properties [5,6,17,18].…”

Organic Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems

“…[99], and carrot (Daucus carota L.) [100]; fruits such as papaya (Carica papaya L.) [101], citrus (Citrus spp.) [102], and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) [103]; and annual crops such as maize (Zea mays L.) [104] and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) [105]. Most organic fertilizers used as N source are derived from (a) agricultural wastes (cattle, swine and poultry manure), slaughterhouses (bone and blood meal), composting, and vermicomposting; (b) agro-industrial wastes (oilseed pies, sugarcane bagasse, and vinasse) and biochar; and (c) household wastes and sewage sludge composting ( Table 2).…”