Influence of Ozone on the Stable Carbon Isotope Composition, δ13C, of Leaves and Grain of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Saurer, Matthias; Fuhrer, Jürg; Siegenthaler, U.

doi:10.1104/pp.97.1.313

Cited by 40 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…increased PEP-and decreased RubPcarboxylase activity) or to changes in the diffusive pathway of CO2 into the leaf (e.g. reduced stomatal opening; Saurer et al 1991;Matyssek et al 1992). The observed ozone effects (cell death, inhibited phloem transport) are injurious to the poplar plants and therefore cannot be assumed to be purely adaptional changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone-induced microscopical changes and quantitative carbohydrate contents of hybrid poplar (Populus � euramericana)

Landolt

Günthardt‐Goerg

Pfenninger

et al. 1994

Trees

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Summary. Cuttings of hybrid poplar (Populus • euramericana var. "Dorskamp") were exposed to ozone (80 ]xg/m 3 from 2100 hours to 0700 hours, 180 [.tg/m 3 from 0700 hours to 2100 hours) for 3 months. Ozone reduced the starch content in leaves and stem bark, whereas starch granules accumulated in bundle sheath cells along small leaf veins. At the same time, sucrose and inositol content increased in the leaves. Mesophyll cells in the vicinity of the stomata were injured first, and droplet-like material appeared on their walls. In the sieve plates of fumigated trees, the pores showed a higher degree of narrowing than those of the control treatment. Cell collapse in the leaves was accompanied by water loss and an increase in air space. In the stems, the ozone treatment led to a reduced radial width, particularly in the xylem tissue. These results are discussed in relation to reduced or inhibited phloem loading and ozone-induced drought stress. The plants injured by ozone showed quite distinct patterns of metabolite responses as well as enzyme activities (PEP-and RubPcarboxylase) in the leaves from the top to the bottom. There were also remarkable differences in the reaction of sucrose and inositol between leaves and stem bark. Future research should therefore increasingly follow a whole-plant approach for a better understanding of complex plant reactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ozone-induced microscopical changes and quantitative carbohydrate contents of hybrid poplar (Populus � euramericana)

Landolt

Günthardt‐Goerg

Pfenninger

et al. 1994

Trees

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“…These results support evidence that other factors, such as net photosynthesis or Rubisco activity, are the physiological processes affected by ozone. The exposure of some plants to ozone can lead to partial closure of stomata (Sauer et al 1991), or with other plants, photosynthetic ability is directly affected with little or no stomatal closure (Pell and Pearson 1983). Pell and Pearson (1983) found up to an 80 % reduction in the quantity of Rubisco in alfalfa foliage exposed to ozone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ozone on growth and stomatal response in the F2 generation of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides)

Woo¹,

Hinckley²

2005

Biologia plant.

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Thirty-six F 2 hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone to record its effects on growth, correlate them with stomatal response and screen for ozone sensitivity. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 9 h each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 85 to 128 µg g -1 using open-top chambers. Height, diameter, number of leaves, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, total biomass, biomass components and root/shoot ratios were reduced by ozone stress. Percent of leaf fall in ozone-treated plants was nearly three times higher than in control plants exposed to charcoal-filtered air. Leaf senescence, because of ozone exposure, did not appear to be associated with reduced biomass production. Some clones had a high percentage of leaf-fall with ozone exposure, but were able to maintain total biomass production near that of the control. Their response may be an example of an ability to adjust or compensate for ozone damage. There was no significant or consistent relationship between stomatal conductance and total biomass or the change in stomatal conductance as a result of ozone exposure and the change in total biomass. Taken together, these results suggest that effects of ozone on poplar growth cannot be solely correlated to changes in stomatal conductance, more physiological and biochemical parameters should be examined.Additional key words: leaf senescence, open top chamber, relative growth rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate.

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“…This is supported by several reports describing reductions in WUE in response to low O3 Matyssek ef a/., 1991). Saurer et al (1991) reported an increase in d^'^C values in flag leaves and grain of wheat with increasing O3 level. According to models of "C discrimination in C3 species, this change in S^'^^C indicated increasing limitation of photosynthesis by CO^ diffusion relative to limitation by carboxylation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ozone at higher elevations. III. Responses of leaf and canopy gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence to ozone flux

Grimm

Fuhrer

1992

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYSpring wheat {Triticum aestivum L., cv. Albis) was grown in open-top chambers and exposed to four different levels of ozone (O,,) from the three-leaf stage until maturity. The aim was to examine changes in leaf and canopy gas exchange, and in chlorophyll fluorescence, in response to O3 flux. Measurements were carried out periodically between full expansion and complete senescence of flag leaves. Fluxes to the canopy of CO^ (CER^O (corrected for soilborne CO^), water vapour (E^) and O,, were determined by using open-top chambers as differential systems. Water use efficiency (WUE,.) was calculated from CER, and E,. Leaf CO., (CERJ and U.p (EJ exchange rates, stomatal conductance (^.(H^O)), and WUE,,, were analyzed with a portable gas exchange analyzer. Effects of O3 flux on structural components of photosynthesis were examined by determining variable fluorescence (defined by the F^./E,^ ratio) in leaves after 60 minutes of dark-adaptation or during the night.The decline in CER,. and CER,, associated with senescence was accelerated by O3. Average CER,, between flag leaf unfolding and late milk stage declined linearly with increasing O3 flux. The corresponding decline in average CER,. was less pronounced. The quantitative effect of O, flux on CER^, corresponded well with the effect on grain yield. In young leaves, g,(H.p) was reduced in response to O.j but WUE^ was unaffected. With progressing leaf age, WUE^ declined. Thus, in the young leaves, O., affected the stomata directly and, consequently, limitation of photosynthesis was primarily due to reduced CO., diffusion. In contrast, in senescent leaves, the effect of O3 was mainly due to reduced carboxylation. Compared with WUE,,, WUE,. responded differently to increasing O,, flux. During O3 fluxes at above-ambient levels, WUE,, tended to increase rather than to decrease. It is suggested that under O3 stress, factors controlling WUE at the canopy level differ from those operating at the level of single flag leaves. The decline in F JF,, measured after anthesis was stimulated by O3, but no effect of O3 was detected when FJF,, was measured during the night. This leads to the conclusion that the effect of O3 on photosynthetic structures is reversible and the reduction in photosynthesis in response to O3 flux is due to metabolic changes rather than to direct damage to structural components.

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Influence of Ozone on the Stable Carbon Isotope Composition, δ¹³C, of Leaves and Grain of Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Ozone-induced microscopical changes and quantitative carbohydrate contents of hybrid poplar (Populus � euramericana)

Ozone-induced microscopical changes and quantitative carbohydrate contents of hybrid poplar (Populus � euramericana)

The effects of ozone on growth and stomatal response in the F<sub>2</sub> generation of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides)

The response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to ozone at higher elevations. III. Responses of leaf and canopy gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence to ozone flux

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