Influence of Palmer Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Plasticulture-Grown Tomato

Garvey, Paul V.; Meyers, Stephen L.; Monks, David W.; Coble, Harold D.

doi:10.1614/wt-d-12-00028.1

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Likewise, nongrafted Amelia tomato aboveground dry biomass from weedy (REM ¼ 12 WAT) and weed-free (EST ¼ 12 WAT) treatments was 284 and 419 g plant À1 , respectively. Garvey et al (2013) have reported the increase and decrease in tomato plant shoot dry biomass when Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

et al. 2016

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Field experiments were conducted to determine the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in nongrafted ‘Amelia’ and Amelia grafted onto ‘Maxifort’ tomato rootstock grown in plasticulture. The establishment treatments (EST) consisted of two seedlings each of common purslane, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge transplanted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 wk after tomato transplanting (WAT) and remained until tomato harvest to simulate weeds emerging at different times. The removal treatments (REM) consisted of the same weeds transplanted on the day of tomato transplanting and removed at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 WAT to simulate weeds controlled at different times. The beginning and end of the CPWC, based on a 5% yield loss of marketable tomato, was determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz models to the relative yield data representing REM and EST, respectively. In both grafted and nongrafted tomato, plant aboveground dry biomass increased as establishment of weeds was delayed and tomato plant biomass decreased when removal of weeds was delayed. For a given time of weed removal and establishment, grafted tomato plants produced higher biomass than nongrafted. The delay in establishment and removal of weeds resulted in weed biomass decrease and increase of the same magnitude, respectively, regardless of transplant type. The predicted CPWC was from 2.2 to 4.5 WAT in grafted tomato and from 3.3 to 5.8 WAT in nongrafted tomato. The length (2.3 or 2.5 wk) of the CPWC in fresh market tomato was not affected by grafting; however, the CPWC management began and ended 1 wk earlier in grafted tomato than in nongrafted tomato.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

et al. 2016

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“…Amaranthus palmeri has been reported to be taller, to have a faster growth rate and greater leaf area, and to produce more overall biomass when compared with other Amaranthus species (Horak and Loughin 2000). Season-long A. palmeri interference is seen in vegetable crops, with reduced yield of 94% in bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) (Norsworthy et al 2008), 67% in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (Garvey et al 2013), 36% to 81% in sweetpotato (Meyers et al 2010), with the greater yield losses associated with higher A. palmeri densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific and intraspecific interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in sweetpotato

et al. 2019

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Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Clinton, NC, to determine the interspecific and intraspecific interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) or large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] in ‘Covington’ sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Amaranthus palmeri and D. sanguinalis were established 1 d after sweetpotato transplanting and maintained season-long at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 0, 1, 2, 4, 16 plants m−1 of row in the presence and absence of sweetpotato, respectively. Predicted yield loss for sweetpotato was 35% to 76% for D. sanguinalis at 1 to 16 plants m−1 of row and 50% to 79% for A. palmeri at 1 to 8 plants m−1 of row. Weed dry biomass per meter of row increased linearly with increasing weed density. Individual dry biomass of A. palmeri and D. sanguinalis was not affected by weed density when grown in the presence of sweetpotato. When grown without sweetpotato, individual weed dry biomass decreased 71% and 62% from 1 to 4 plants m−1 row for A. palmeri and D. sanguinalis, respectively. Individual weed dry biomass was not affected above 4 plants m−1 row to the highest densities of 8 and 16 plants m−1 row for A. palmeri and D. sanguinalis, respectively.

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“…In plasticulture-grown bell pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.), interference due to A. palmeri reduced fruit number and crop biomass by 94% and >60%, respectively (Norsworthy et al 2008). Tomato marketable yield was reduced by 53% when exposed to season-long interference by A. palmeri (Garvey et al 2013). Season-long interference by a mixed population of Amaranthus weeds caused up to 85% yield reduction and reduced sugar content in muskmelon ( Cucumis melo L.), a cucurbit crop similar to watermelon (Nerson 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Density in Grafted and Nongrafted Watermelon

et al. 2018

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Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] grafting is commonly used for management of diseases caused by soilborne pathogens; however, little research exists describing the effect of grafting on the weed-competitive ability of watermelon. Field experiments determined the response in yield, fruit number, and fruit quality of grafted and nongrafted watermelon exposed to increasing densities of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeriS. Watson). Grafting treatments included ‘Exclamation’ triploid (seedless) watermelon grafted on two interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks ‘Carnivor’ and ‘Kazako’, with nongrafted Exclamation as the control. Weed treatments includedA. palmeriat densities of 1, 2, 3, and 4A. palmeriplants per watermelon planting hole (0.76-m row) and a weed-free control. IncreasingA. palmeridensities caused significant reductions (P <0.05) in marketable watermelon yield and marketable fruit number. Watermelon yield reduction was described by a rectangular hyperbola model, and 4A. palmeriplants planting hole−1reduced marketable yield 41%, 38%, and 65% for Exclamation, Carnivor, and Kazako, respectively. Neither grafting treatment norA. palmeridensity had a biologically meaningful effect on soluble solids content or on the incidence of hollow heart in watermelon fruit.Amaranthus palmeriseed and biomass production was similar across weed population densities, but seed number per femaleA. palmeridecreased according to a two-parameter exponential decay equation. Thus, increasing weed population densities resulted in increased intraspecific competition amongA. palmeriplants. While grafting may offer benefits for disease resistance, no benefits regarding weed-competitive ability were observed, and a consistent yield penalty was associated with grafting, even in weed-free treatments.

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Influence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on the Critical Period for Weed Control in Plasticulture-Grown Tomato

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Fresh Market Tomato

Interspecific and intraspecific interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in sweetpotato

Interference of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Density in Grafted and Nongrafted Watermelon

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