Influence of perinatal and childhood exposure to tobacco and mercury in children’s gut microbiota

Abstract

BackgroundEarly life determinants of the development of gut microbiome composition in infants have been widely investigated; however, if early life pollutant exposures, such as tobacco or mercury, have a persistent influence on the gut microbial community, its stabilization at later childhood remains largely unknown.ObjectiveIn this exposome-wide study, we aimed at identifying the contribution of exposure to tobacco and mercury from the prenatal period to childhood, to individual differences in the fecal microbiome composition of 7-year-old children, considering co-exposure to a width of established lifestyle and clinical determinants.MethodsGut microbiome was studied by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing in 151 children at the genus level. Exposure to tobacco was quantified during pregnancy through questionnaire (active tobacco consumption, second-hand smoking -SHS) and biomonitoring (urinary cotinine) at 4 years (urinary cotinine, SHS) and 7 years (SHS). Exposure to mercury was quantified during pregnancy (cord blood) and at 4 years (hair). Forty nine other potential environmental determinants (12 at pregnancy/birth/infancy, 15 at 4 years and 22 at 7 years, such as diet, demographics, quality of living/social environment, and clinical records) were registered. We used multiple models to determine microbiome associations with pollutants including multi-determinant multivariate analysis of variance and linear correlations (wUnifrac, Bray-Curtis and Aitchison ß-diversity distances), single-pollutant permutational multivariate analysis of variance adjusting for co-variates (Aitchison), and multivariable association model with single taxa (MaAsLin2; genus). Sensitivity analysis was performed including genetic data in a subset of 107 children.ResultsActive smoking in pregnancy was systematically associated with microbiome composition and ß-diversity (R2 2–4%, p < 0.05, Aitchison), independently of other co-determinants. However, in the adjusted single pollutant models (PERMANOVA), we did not find any significant association. An increased relative abundance of Dorea and decreased relative abundance of Akkermansia were associated with smoking during pregnancy (q < 0.05).DiscussionOur findings suggest a long-term sustainable effect of prenatal tobacco exposure on the children’s gut microbiota. This effect was not found for mercury exposure or tobacco exposure during childhood. Assessing the role of these exposures on the children’s microbiota, considering multiple environmental factors, should be further investigated.

The effect of local use of etiotropic drugs on the oropharyngeal microbiota in children with acute respiratory infection

“…Состав отдельных образцов анализировали с помощью показателей альфа-разнообразия: индекс Chao1 -для оценки степени микробиологического разнообразия (оценивает разнообразие с учетом редких микроорганизмов, значение повышается в случае большего числа таксонов) и индекс Шеннона -для характеристики равномерности представленности различных таксонов в образце (значение увеличивается при повышении видового разнообразия) [25][26][27]. При сравнении различных образцов между собой использовали меру (индекс) «несходства» Брея -Кертиса (оценивает отношение общих и различаю щихся таксонов в сравниваемых образцах) и расстояние Эйтчисона (служит для оценки соотношения пропорций микроорганизмов в сравниваемых образцах) [28]. При количественной оценке альфа-разнообразия основными параметрами являются богатство и равномерность.…”

“…26 МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ СОВЕТ 2024;18(1): [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Бронхопульмонология и отоларингология ВВЕДЕНИЕ Микробиота -совокупность всех живых микроорганизмов, включая бактерии, археи, грибы и простейшие, присутствующих в определенной анатомической области [1]. Данное микробное сообщество в процессе эволюции устанавливало двухсторонние экологические связи с макроорганизмом, в ходе которых отмечались биохимическое, иммунологическое, метаболическое и прочие виды взаимодействия [2].…”

“…Meditsinskiy Sovet. 2024;18(1): [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. (In Russ.)…”