Influence of periodontal disease on risk of dementia: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis

Nadim, Rizwan; Tang, Jie; Dilmohamed, Amena; Yuan, Siyang; Wu, Changhao; Bakre, Aishat T.; Partridge, Martin; Ni, Jiajia; Copeland, J. R. M.; Anstey, Kaarin J.; Chen, Ruoling

doi:10.1007/s10654-020-00648-x

Cited by 62 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The role of sIgA as an immunoglobulin involved in protecting the oral mucosa and, consequently, its relationship with oral infections and inflammatory processes is known [41]. Recent studies also report an association between periodontal diseases and dementia processes [42][43][44]. However, we cannot demonstrate that this relationship occurs in our study because no periodontal diseases were identified in the subjects studied.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Correlation between Biomarkers of Pain in Saliva and PAINAD Scale in Elderly People with Cognitive Impairment and Inability to Communicate

Cantón-Habas

Rich-Ruiz

Moreno‐Casbas

et al. 2021

JCM

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The pain assessment in advanced dementia (PAINAD) appears to be a clinically useful tool. However, the salivary determination of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNF-RII) and secretory IgA (sIgA) as pain biomarkers is still incipient. The aim was to correlate the PAINAD score with sTNF-RII and sIgA biomarker levels in the saliva of patients with advanced dementia. In this regard, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 75 elderly patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia and a global deterioration scale (GDS) score of 5 to 7. The PAINAD scale was determined by a previously trained professional and the collection of salivary samples was performed using the passive secretion method. Human sTNF-RII and sIgA using ELISA kits. The results showed a correlation between the PAINAD scale (numeric, binary, and recoded) and sTNF-RII and sIgA (p < 0.001). No association between the sociodemographic and clinical variables and the PAINAD scale was found (p > 0.05). Between 97.3% and 96.2% of patients with pain on the PAINAD scale also showed pain based on the sTNF-RII levels; in all of them, sIgA levels did not fit the logistic models. Therefore, the correlation highlights the usefulness of this scale and confirms the usefulness of sTNF-RII and sIgA as biomarkers of pain.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Correlation between Biomarkers of Pain in Saliva and PAINAD Scale in Elderly People with Cognitive Impairment and Inability to Communicate

Cantón-Habas

Rich-Ruiz

Moreno‐Casbas

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Interest has grown in the association among tooth loss, periodontal disease and dementia [ 21 , 24 ]. Tooth loss is a common indicator of poor oral health [ 20 ].…”

Section: Oral Health Of Elderly People With Alzheimer’s Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health and Care for Elderly People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Gao

Chu

Young

2020

IJERPH

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Dementia is one of the main causes of disability among elderly people. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects elderly people’s ability to perform daily living activities. Alzheimer’s disease is the main subtype of dementia and causes declining memory, reasoning, and communication skills. They also have behavioural and psychological symptoms, such as depression and aggression. It is essential for them to maintain good oral health, as oral health is an important and integral part of their general health. Neglecting oral health allows dental diseases to develop, and these diseases are difficult and costly to treat. However, dental diseases can be treated with ambulatory care rather than hospitalisation and emergency care. Elderly people should establish daily oral hygiene care routines during the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. They should have regular dental examinations and early minimal interventions to prevent the need for extensive and complicated procedures. Maintaining oral health becomes challenging, however, when Alzheimer’s disease progresses to the middle and late stages. Because elderly people might forget or lose interest in keeping their teeth healthy, caretakers and community health workers may need to take over this task. Dentists should provide guidance on the maintenance of oral health, as the techniques used to provide this support vary depending on the elderly people concerned. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of oral health and the importance of oral care for elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease. The paper also discusses appropriate dental interventions and techniques for maintaining good oral health and helping people with Alzheimer’s to enjoy a satisfactory quality of life.

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“…Neurological conditions have been associated with periodontitis, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, dementia, or PD [ 5 , 9 , 28 , 29 ]. From a biological standpoint, the association of periodontitis with these intricate illnesses may be based on the influence of systemic inflammation and the systemic spreading of periodontal pathogens products with potential affection of brain tissues [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Association between Periodontitis and Parkinson’s Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

Botelho

Machado

Mendes

et al. 2021

Genes

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The latest evidence revealed a possible association between periodontitis and Parkinson’s disease (PD). We explored the causal relationship of this bidirectional association through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) in European ancestry populations. To this end, we used openly accessible data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on periodontitis and PD. As instrumental variables for periodontitis, seventeen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a GWAS of periodontitis (1817 periodontitis cases vs. 2215 controls) and eight non-overlapping SNPs of periodontitis from an additional GWAS for validation purposes. Instrumental variables to explore for the reverse causation included forty-five SNPs from a GWAS of PD (20,184 cases and 397,324 controls). Multiple approaches of MR were carried-out. There was no evidence of genetic liability of periodontitis being associated with a higher risk of PD (B = −0.0003, Standard Error [SE] 0.0003, p = 0.26). The eight independent SNPs (B = −0.0000, SE 0.0001, p = 0.99) validated this outcome. We also found no association of genetically primed PD towards periodontitis (B = −0.0001, SE 0.0001, p = 0.19). These MR study findings do not support a bidirectional causal genetic liability between periodontitis and PD. Further GWAS studies are needed to confirm the consistency of these results.

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Influence of periodontal disease on risk of dementia: a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis

Cited by 62 publications

References 52 publications

Correlation between Biomarkers of Pain in Saliva and PAINAD Scale in Elderly People with Cognitive Impairment and Inability to Communicate

Correlation between Biomarkers of Pain in Saliva and PAINAD Scale in Elderly People with Cognitive Impairment and Inability to Communicate

Oral Health and Care for Elderly People with Alzheimer’s Disease

Causal Association between Periodontitis and Parkinson’s Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

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