Influence of Peripheral inflammation on the progression of multiple sclerosis: Evidence from the clinic and experimental animal models

Murta, Verónica; Ferrari, Carina Cintia

doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.06.004

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 149 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We decided to investigate the expression of some of these molecules, which have been associated with systemic-CNS communication (Aggelakis et al, 2010;Dujmovic et al, 2009;Hauser et al, 1990;Maimone et al, 1991;Moreno et al, 2011;Murta and Ferrari, 2013).…”

Section: The Injection Of a Peripheral Pro-inflammatory Stimulus Incrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic systemic IL-1β exacerbates central neuroinflammation independently of the blood–brain barrier integrity

Murta

Farias

Pitossi

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroimmunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: The Injection Of a Peripheral Pro-inflammatory Stimulus Incrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic systemic IL-1β exacerbates central neuroinflammation independently of the blood–brain barrier integrity

Murta

Farias

Pitossi

et al. 2015

Journal of Neuroimmunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…These lesions are often visible and are referred to as 'plaques'. Given the pathology, immune reactions that result in destruction of myelin have been the focus of the bulk of investigations and theories about causation of this disease [3]. The inflammatory infiltrate consists of both T cells (CD8?…”

Section: The Immunological Basis Of Multiple Sclerosis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injury signals can reach the brain and initiate changes through blood-borne mediators that cross the BBB at anatomically sensitive sites [10]. Because systemic inflammatory stimuli that circulate in the blood may get into the CNS and induce changes, it is understood that circulating cytokines and other inflammatory molecules from systemic infections can affect the brain [3].…”

Section: The Immunological Basis Of Multiple Sclerosis (Ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Risk in Patients on Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics

Williamson

Berger

2015

CNS Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interface of multiple sclerosis (MS) and infection occurs on several levels. First, infectious disease has been postulated as a potential trigger, if not cause, of MS. Second, exacerbation of MS has been well-documented as a consequence of infection, and, lastly, infectious diseases have been recognized as a complication of the therapies currently employed in the treatment of MS. MS is a disease in which immune dysregulation is a key component. Examination of central nervous system (CNS) tissue of people affected by MS demonstrates immune cell infiltration, activation and inflammation. Therapies that alter the immune response have demonstrated efficacy in reducing relapse rates and evidence of brain inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Despite the altered immune response in MS, there is a lack of evidence that these patients are at increased risk of infectious disease in the absence of treatment or debility. Links between infections and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used in MS will be discussed in this review, as well as estimates of occurrence and ways to potentially minimize these risks. We address infection in MS in a comprehensive fashion, including (1) the impact of infections on relapse rates in patients with MS; (2) a review of available infection data from pivotal trials and postmarketing studies for the approved and experimental DMTs, including frequency, types and severity of infections; and (3) relevant risk minimization strategies, particularly as they pertain to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

show abstract

“…22 Reasonable experimental evidence shows that the association is causal in the case of systemic infections. 23 It might be worth taking steps to prevent recurrent infections if they trigger relapses. Although self reported stress may be a prodrome of relapses, 24 external threat increases the risk of relapse, suggesting a causal association.…”

Section: What Factors Affect the Frequency Of Relapses?mentioning

confidence: 99%