Influence of persulfate ions on the removal of phenol in aqueous solution using electron beam irradiation

Adsorption of phenol onto garlic peel: optimization, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies

“…(2014) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] www.deswater.com doi: 10.1080/19443994.2014.979237 therefore, identification of low-cost adsorbents would be greatly beneficial to the community as a whole. A number of studies have been reported in the literature in which low-cost adsorbents such as fly ash [15], rice husk char [16], pyrolyzed sewage sludge [17], lignite [18], Sargassum muticum [19], spent oil shale [20], bentonite [21], natural clay [22], wheat bran [23], and clay algae [24] were used as an alternative to activated carbon.…”

“…Phenols are categorized as an extremely hazardous pollutant since they are harmful at low concentration levels [1][2][3]. Over the years, adsorption has been considered to be one of the efficient methods [4,5] among various physico-chemical methods [6][7][8][9] available for the removal of phenol from aqueous effluents. Conventional adsorbents such as activated carbon [10][11][12][13][14] …”

Persulfate-enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

“…To eliminate the drawbacks, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) have been put into practice as potential remediation to address organic pollution in soil and water. This method is based on radical mechanism; hydroxyl radical(·OH) and sulfate radical(SO 4 • − ), are two typical radical oxidants, which are kinetically slow in ordinary conditions and often induced by photolysis [3] , microwaves [4] , heat [5,6] , electron beam [7,8] , ultrasonication [9] , alkaline [10,11] etc. Via chemical reaction with those emerging oxidant, organic pollutants in wastewater difficult to keep away are converted to non-toxic and small molecules, or directly mineralized into harmless inorganic molecules such as CO 2 , H 2 O.…”

“…Via chemical reaction with those emerging oxidant, organic pollutants in wastewater difficult to keep away are converted to non-toxic and small molecules, or directly mineralized into harmless inorganic molecules such as CO 2 , H 2 O. SO 4 • − compared to ·OH, is not only major oxidizing specie with higher standard redox potential (E SO4•−/ SO42− =2.5-3.1V, E ·OH/OH-=2.7V),but has greater property, whose degradation effect is more significant and can be used in wider range of pH value (5)(6)(7)(8). So persulfate-activated AOPs have become more popular in the field of advanced oxidation Considering the solubility, stability and other factors, SPS and typical aromatic MB as dye wastewater pollutants were determined (The properties are shown in Table 1).…”

Reaction pathway of the degradation of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid by sulfate radical generated by ionizing radiations

“…Numerous applications have been described in literature, such as, the degradation of phenol (Boukari et al, 2011), pesticides (Basfar et al, 2009;Kwon et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2005), pharmaceutical compounds (Sanchez-Polo et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2008;Homlok et Zhang et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2013) or dye effluents (Vahdat et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2005;Paul et al, 2011). Industry or domestic activities often generate aqueous effluents containing phenolic compounds in large amounts.…”