Influence of Phenol and Phenanthrene on the Growth of Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) mediate cadmium toxicity to an emergent wetland species

“…The effect of PAHs on wetland plant growth could be species-specific regardless of PAH types and media [17]. An increase in phenanthrene concentration decreased dry weight and shoot length of Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis, but increased the number of young shoots [27]. In the present study, the shoot number and the tallest shoot height of J. subsecundus were not significant different from the control after 70 days of growth (Fig.…”

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) differentially influence growth of various emergent wetland species

“…5) for J. subsecundus were significantly reduced, while these for B. juncea were significantly increased by the mixture of phenanthrene and pyrene treatments. The toxicity tests on germination and growth of Phalaris arundinacea and Phragmites australis have found that an increase in phenanthrene concentration decreased plant growth (dry weight and shoot length), but increased the number of young shoots [21]. In another study, PAH (phenanthrene and pyrene) treatment resulted in a 70% decrease in the biomass of Panicum bisulcatum and a 22% increase in the biomass of Aeschynomene indica compared to unamended control [24].…”

“…PAHs, without being activated, are toxic to higher plants only when applied at high concentrations [20,21]. For instance, the addition of PAHs at concentrations of 100-400 mg kg −1 significantly decreased the rice (Oryza sativa) biomass [22], but root and shoot biomass of Oryza sativa was not significantly affected by PAH concentrations of less than 25 mg kg −1 in soils [23].…”

Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

“…Related to this is the effect of DMP loading on plant growth. Phenol toxicity to plants has been partially discussed in literature , but results of specific studies on the environmental cytotoxicity of DMPs is absent. Finally, the influence of different wetland designs on the fate of DMPs should be further investigated.…”