Influence of Physical and Biological Factors on the Formation of the Small-Scale Structure of Bioluminescent and Acoustic Fields in the Black and Mediterranean Seas

Tokarev, Yu. N.; Sokolov, Boris

doi:10.1615/hydrobj.v38.i3.10

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“…The superposition of physical and biological parameters (stratification and movement of waters, light level, food availability, elements of animals social behavior, anthropogenic pressure, etc.) causes spatial heterogeneity (patchiness) in pelagic populations, and the role of biological (reproductive, migrational, ethological) mechanisms increases considerably with decrease of the studied scales of space and time (Tokarev & Sokolov, 2001) (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fig. 8 The typical vertical structure of plankton biomass (1), bioluminescence (2) and temperature (3) at the day (a) and night (b) time in the center of the Black Sea western halistase (from Tokarev & Sokolov, 2001;Tokarev et al, 2003) Table 3 The wave length (m), corresponding to maxima of the spatial spectra of plankton (P), bioluminescence (B) and temperature (T) in the Black Sea surface layer (Tokarev & Sokolov, 2001) The difference of metabolic strategies is well shown in the intensity of food consumption and the efficiency of its utilization (or assimilation). However, metabolic variability is shown not only at interspecies but also at intra-species levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity in the Black Sea: effects of climate and anthropogenic factors

Tokarev

Shulman

2007

Hydrobiologia

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The Black Sea ecosystem and diversity underwent dramatic adverse changes during the 1960s and, especially, 1970s and 1980s of the last century. Anthropogenically-induced eutrophication increased through greater biogenic flow, dumping and pollutant discharge, in turn causing red tides, fish kills and oxygen depletion over the northwestern shelf. Anthropogenic pressures, associated with the economic situation of the Black Sea countries, has decreased during the last decade, allowing some improvement in the state and biodiversity of the ecosystem. The abundances of several native species have increased. However, mediterranization-the invasion by species from the adjacent basin and beyond-has continued. The conclusion is grounded, that biodiversity is not only inter-and intra-species diversity but also spatial-temporal variability, abundance and productivity dynamics, differences of the metabolic strategies providing sustainable existence in the changing environment. Biodiversity at the intraspecies level expresses itself in spatial and temporal variations of the Black Sea biota. It has been shown, that preservation of the Black Sea ecosystem's biodiversity must be based on the measures which should be undertaken in national and social spheres, and be directed to the recreation, stabilization and conservation of this unique sea basin. Measures must be implemented nationally to conserve, stabilize or recreate the ecosystem biodiversity of this unique sea basin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%