Influence of phytoplankton on iodine speciation in seawater

Butler, Edward C. V.; Smith, J. David; Fisher, Nicholas S.

doi:10.4319/lo.1981.26.2.0382

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Unlike the results obtained in previous studies (Sugawara & Terada 1967, Truesdale 1978, Butler et al 1981, consistent depletion of iodate and concomitant appearance of iodide were found in this study in all the phytoplankton cultures at all concentrations of added iodate. This clearly indicates that all 6 phylogenetically diverse species of phytoplankton tested can induce the conversion of iodate and iodide.…”

Section: Conversion Of Iodate To Iodide By Phytoplanktonsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Fuse et al (1989) also suggested that iodide was preferentially taken up over iodate by several species of phytoplankton. Truesdale (1978) and Butler et al (1981), on the other hand, reported that no appreciable inter-conversion between iodate and iodide was observed in the cultures of several species of diatom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the possible presence of bacteria in the cultures could have affected the results. Thus, while Butler et al (1981) observed that iodate was converted to iodide in senescent cultures of the diatom Skeletonema costatum, they concluded that the release of iodide was probably due to bacteria in the culture. By taking these factors into consideration, we have studied the reduction of iodate to iodide by 6 species of phylogenetically diverse phytoplankton under controlled nutrient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton cultures

Wong

Piumsomboon²,

Dunstan³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Six species of phytoplankton, representing 6 major phylogenetic groups (2 oceanic species: a cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp., and a coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi; and 4 coastal species: a prasinophyte, Tetraselmis sp., the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta, the diatom Skeletonema costatum and a dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae) were tested for their ability to reduce iodate to iodide in batch cultures. They all did so to varying degrees. Thus, the reduction of iodate to iodide by phytoplankton may be a general phenomenon in the marine environment. At ambient concentrations of iodate, the rates of depletion of iodate and appearance of iodide varied between 0.8 and 0.02, and between 0.3 and 0.02 nmol µg chlorophyll a -1 d -1 , respectively. E. huxleyi was the least efficient while A. carterae was the most efficient in the depletion of iodate. However, in the formation of iodide, while E. huxleyi was also the least efficient, Synechococcus sp. were the most efficient. The rates of appearance of iodide were noticeably slower than the corresponding rates of depletion of iodate, suggesting that part of the iodate might have been converted to forms of iodine other than iodide in these cases. The slight mismatch in the rank order of the rates of depletion of iodate and appearance of iodide between the phytoplankton species was traced to this variable and incomplete conversion of iodate to iodide. These rates were increased by up to over an order of magnitude upon enriching the culture medium with 5 and 10 µM of iodate. The depletion of iodate and appearance of iodide occurred in all growth phases. However, the rates might vary with growth phase and the patterns of these variations might be species-specific. Phytoplankton growth was not impeded even under unnaturally high concentrations of iodate implying that there is little interaction between iodine processing and the metabolic activity of cell growth.

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Section: Conversion Of Iodate To Iodide By Phytoplanktonsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton cultures

Wong

Piumsomboon²,

Dunstan³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…This hypothesis grew out of the earlier finding by Egami & Sato (1947) that nitrate reductase is capable of reducing iodate under physiological conditions. Contrastingly, a number of studies found no relationship between iodine and biological activity or only observed iodide increases in phytoplankton cultures at iodate concentrations 10-fold greater than those naturally found (Truesdale 1978b, Butler et al 1981. A detailed study into the nitrate reductase hypothesis in which cells were grown on ammonia and the enzyme was deactivated by replacing molybdenum with tungsten in the growth media showed that iodate reduction was relatively insensitive to the function of nitrate reductase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton driven by cell senescence

Bluhm¹,

Croot²,

Wuttig³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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“…However, the evidence is inconsistent, with some reporting that algal cultures readily reduce iodate to iodide (Sugawara & Terada, 1967;Moisan et al, 1994;Wong et al, 2002;Chance et al, 2007) and others reporting minimal or no such reduction (Truesdale, 1978;Butler et al, 1981). A similar situation has developed in respect of field investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Nutrient speciation and hydrography in two anchialine caves in Croatia: tools to understand iodine speciation

et al. 2011

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Despite iodine being one of the most abundant of the minor elements in oxic seawater, the principal processes controlling its interconversion from iodate to iodide and vice versa, are still either elusive or largely unknown. The two major hypotheses for iodate reduction involve either phytoplankton growth in primary production, or bacteria during regeneration. An earlier study intended to exploit the unusual nature of anchialine environments revealed that iodide is oxidised to iodate in the bottom of such caves, whereas reduction of iodate occurs in the shallower parts of the water column. This investigation was made on the hypothesis that study of the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient systems within the caves might offer a bridge between the iodine chemistry and the marine bacteria which are assumed to be the agent of change of the iodine in the caves. Accordingly, the hydrography, the nutrient chemistry, and some further iodine studies were made of two anchialine caves on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. Iodate and iodide were determined by differential pulse voltammetry and cathodic stripping square-wave voltammetry, respectively. Total iodine was determined indirectly, as iodate, after oxidation of reduced iodine species with UV irradiation and strong chemical oxidants. Nutrient concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Nutrient profiles within the well stratified water columns indicate a relatively short-lived surface source of nitrate and phosphate to the caves, with a more conventional, mid-water, nutrient regeneration system. The latter involves nitrite and ammonium at the bottom of the halocline, suggestive of both autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial activity. High iodate/low iodide deep water, and conservative behaviour of total inorganic iodine were confirmed in both systems. Iodate is reduced to iodide in the hypoxic region where nutrient regeneration occurs. The concentrations of organic iodine were surprisingly high in both systems, generally increasing toward the surface, where it comprised almost 80% of total iodine. As with alkalinity and silica, the results suggest that this refractive iodine component is liberated during dissolution of the surrounding karst rock. A major, natural flushing of one of the caves with fresh water was confirmed, showing that the cave systems offer the opportunity to re-start investigations periodically.

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Influence of phytoplankton on iodine speciation in seawater

Abstract: In a study of the influence of cultured phytoplankton on iodine speciation in seawater, no appreciable interconversion of iodide and iodate was observed. The results suggest that phytoplankton, alone, are unlikely to influence iodine speciation in the ocean substantially.

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

The transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton cultures

The transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton cultures

Transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton driven by cell senescence

Nutrient speciation and hydrography in two anchialine caves in Croatia: tools to understand iodine speciation

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