Influence of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth rings width on the strength properties of structural sawn timber

Abstract

Annual growth ring width was considered relative to the mechanical properties of timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The timber was acquired from raw wood aged approximately 120 years old, with log quality A, B, and C. The study was conducted on 210 pieces of timber; 70 of them were from each part of the log: butt, middle, and top. The tested parameters, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), were measured on fully dimensional timber (40 × 138 × 3500 mm3) that had been dried and planed in industrial conditions. The density of wood (stereometric method) and annual rings width were calculated after MOR and MOE determination on samples including the entire cross-section cut near the failure zone. The tests revealed that the correlation between the width of growth rings and MOE or MOR depended on the log area: it was the highest for timber from butt logs and the lowest for timber from top logs. Moreover, the correlation between growth ring width and MOE or MOR depended also on the quality class of the logs from which the samples were obtained: it was the highest for timber from class A, and the lowest for class C.

Multiscale Mechanical Performance of Wood: From Nano- to Macro-Scale across Structure Hierarchy and Size Effects

“…The aim of the classic wood science is to discover and describe the dependence of woods’ macromechanical, physico-chemical, and service properties on its inner structural characteristics, humidity, and external thermodynamic factors [ 6 , 37 , 38 ]. Wood type classification and its grading, according to mechanical properties, is an important pragmatic task [ 39 ]. Since the end of the last century, more and more attention is being paid to the fine structure of wood at the nanoscale.…”

Is Wood a Material? Taking the Size Effect Seriously

“…One major cause of this variation is that cutting a piece of timber into small pieces for mechanical testing (e.g., Figure 14 ) will produce some specimens that are defect-free (clear), whereas others will contain knots ( Figure 22 ). Other sources of intrinsic variation in wood’s mechanical properties are moisture content and specific gravity ( Figure 23 ), the species from which the wood was obtained [ 105 , 106 ] and the circumstances under which the tree grew [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ]. Extrinsic factors such as the duration of loading can also have a large effect ( Figure 24 ).…”

Is Wood a Material?

“…Figure 14) will produce some specimens that are defect-free (clear) while others will contain knots (Figure 22). Other sources of intrinsic variation in wood's mechanical properties are moisture content and specific gravity (Figure 23), the species from which the wood was obtained [105,106] and the circumstances under which the tree grew [107][108][109][110][111]. Extrinsic factors such as the duration of loading can also have a large effect (Figure 24).…”