Influence of plant composition and water use strategies on green roof stormwater retention

Zhang, Zheng; Szota, Christopher; Fletcher, Tim D.; Williams, Nicholas S.G.; Werdin, Joerg; Farrell, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.231

Cited by 86 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In addition to the substrate layer, the abundance of plants in the plant layer may also have some influence on the retention capacity. In Zhang's study [17], it was found that when there is a range of plants in the vegetation layer rather than only one type, runoff retention performance was weakened, but other studies have shown that the abundance of plant types is not related to the retention performance [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Gong

Yin

Fang

et al. 2018

Water

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The runoff retention effectiveness of 10 extensive green roof (EGR) modules (100 mm substrate planted Sedum lineare Thunb.) were analyzed in Beijing for 22 rainfall events (2.4–46.4 mm) from 1 July to 30 September 2017. Differences between minimum inter-event dry periods, module scales, substrate hydraulic conductivity and depths, drainage layer types and rainfall characteristics were examined to study their correlation to the retention performance of EGRs. In general, EGRs with lower substrate hydraulic conductivity, deeper substrate and lower rainfall depth had higher runoff retention performance. By comparsion, no siginificant correlation was found between rainfall duration, prior dry period, average rainfall intensity, drainage layer type and EGR runoff retention rate. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests supported these results. Low or moderate rainfall (<15 mm) may or may not have an effect, but heavy rainfall (>25 mm) definitely affects the EGR retention performance of the next rainfall event.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Gong

Yin

Fang

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Various practices are known, consisting in the management of the runoff of rain waters, including all forms of recreation of green areas, restoring to a varying degree the hydrological properties of areas [6][7][8]. The design of green roofs and the use of the unique abilities for e.g., reduction of runoff are of special importance in addressing the problems of progressing urbanisation, as their use is not restricted by the availability of space, and their construction on newly designed, and existing buildings may mean the utilisation of as much as 40% of non-permeable surfaces in urban areas [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Pęczkowski

Kowalczyk

Szawernoga

et al. 2018

Water

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Within the scope of the conducted experiment the authors analysed the efficiency of runoff reduction by the system of extensive type green roofs. The observations were based on storm events in the area of Lower Silesia at the Agro and Hydrometeorology Station Wrocław-Swojec. The authors analysed the thickness of plant substrate, and also estimated the quality of runoff waters under the conditions of periodic atmospheric deposition. Also considered were such indicators as electrolytic conductivity, N, NO3−, NO2−, NH4+, P, PO43−. The experiment included roof substrates designed in two variants, with known hydraulic and physical properties of the soil material. The analysis was performed for models with vegetation layer based on pumice and zelolite, covered with five plant species from the sedum family. The modelling of the hydraulic properties was conducted with variably saturated medium, using the Hydrus 1D software. The performance of systems with primary layer thickness of 11 cm and 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 cm was estimated. The designed models reduced the average peak flows to 89%, and in addition they caused a delay in the initiation of the runoff which was dependent on the intensity and distribution of rainfalls in time, and on the initial moisture of the profiles. Simulations, performed for variable substrate thickness, permit the conclusion that in the case of thin-layer profiles (5 cm), the relative retention index was decidedly lower and amounted to 35.9% for the substrate with zeolite (originally 60.6%) and 41% for the substrate with pumice (originally 65.7%). In the case of total nitrogen and phosphates, statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to specific concentrations in the rainwater and in the control surface. The total nitrogen in the runoff from the green roof was nearly twice as high as that in the rainwater and amounted to, on average, 8.3 mg L−1.

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“…Thick leaves can maintain water potential when water supply is low. A variety of morphological and anatomical features that vary with both phylogenetic context and the aridity of the habitat underlay this adaptive feature ( Ogburn and Edwards, 2010 ). At the cellular level leaf thickness is broadly associated with increased cell size ( Watson, 1942 ; Gibson, 1982 ; von Willert, 1992 ), which promotes water storage ( Becker, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Developmental Basis for Increased Leaf Thickness in the Arabidopsis Cvi Ecotype

Coneva

Chitwood

2018

Front. Plant Sci.

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Leaf thickness is a quantitative trait that is associated with the ability of plants to occupy dry, high irradiance environments. Despite its importance, leaf thickness has been difficult to measure reproducibly, which has impeded progress in understanding its genetic basis, and the associated anatomical mechanisms that pattern it. Here, we used a custom-built dual confocal profilometer device to measure leaf thickness in the Arabidopsis Ler × Cvi recombinant inbred line population and found statistical support for four quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with this trait. We used publically available data for a suite of traits relating to flowering time and growth responses to light quality and show that three of the four leaf thickness QTL coincide with QTL for at least one of these traits. Using time course photography, we quantified the relative growth rate and the pace of rosette leaf initiation in the Ler and Cvi ecotypes. We found that Cvi rosettes grow slower than Ler, both in terms of the rate of leaf initiation and the overall rate of biomass accumulation. Collectively, these data suggest that leaf thickness is tightly linked with physiological status and may present a tradeoff between the ability to withstand stress and rapid vegetative growth. To understand the anatomical basis of leaf thickness, we compared cross-sections of Cvi and Ler leaves and show that Cvi palisade mesophyll cells elongate anisotropically contributing to leaf thickness. Flow cytometry of whole leaves show that endopolyploidy accompanies thicker leaves in Cvi. Overall, our data suggest that mechanistically, an altered schedule of cellular events affecting endopolyploidy and increasing palisade mesophyll cell length contribute to increase of leaf thickness in Cvi. Ultimately, knowledge of the genetic basis and developmental trajectory leaf thickness will inform the mechanisms by which natural selection acts to produce variation in this adaptive trait.

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Influence of plant composition and water use strategies on green roof stormwater retention

Cited by 86 publications

References 51 publications

Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Factors Affecting Runoff Retention Performance of Extensive Green Roofs

Hydrological Performance and Runoff Water Quality of Experimental Green Roofs

Genetic and Developmental Basis for Increased Leaf Thickness in the Arabidopsis Cvi Ecotype

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