Influence of Plant Maturity on the Sensitivity of Turfgrass Species to Ozone

Richards, G. A.; Mulchi, C. L.; Hall, J. R.

doi:10.2134/jeq1980.00472425000900010013x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This example might well explain some of the variation in relative resistance reported in the literature and it suggests caution in making comparisons between species with different growth characteristics. Furthermore, as plants change in response to ozone with age and development (Blum & Heck, 1980 ;Richards, Mulchi & Hall, 1980 ;Cooley & Manning, 1987 ;Tenga, Marie & Ormrod, 1990 ;Reiling & Davison, 1992 b ;Lyons & Barnes, 1998), the choice of growth stage might bias the estimate of resistance.…”

Section: Relative Resistance -Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on wild plants

1998

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Although there is a great deal of concern about the effects of human activities on biodiversity, until recently there has been very little interest in the effects of ozone on the species that constitute the major part of the flora, the diverse herbaceous and shrubby species of natural and semi-natural communities. However, many wild species have been shown to be at least as sensitive to ozone as crops that show significant yield losses, so there is a pressing need for an evaluation of the risk to wild species posed by ozone. This review attempts to assess progress and highlight problems. It begins with a comment on semantics, discusses the difficulties involved in measuring relative ozone resistance and then proceeds to consider the effects of ozone on growth and resource allocation. The evidence for evolution of resistance is appraised and then the potential effects of several interactions (cutting\grazing, competition, soil water deficit and nutrition) are considered. The review ends with some remarks on observation of oxidant-induced changes in ecosystems.

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Section: Relative Resistance -Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone on wild plants

1998

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“…acclimation ' -used herein to refer to any change in either plant morphology or physiology triggered by prior exposure to the pollutant which is directed toward a recovery in plant performance). Such knowledge is necessary to improve our understanding of the relative importance of the timing of O $ episodes in relation to the stage of plant development (Blum & Heck, 1980 ;Richards, Mulchi & Hall, 1980 ;Krupa & Manning, 1988 ;Lee, Tingey & Hogsett, 1988 ;Kasana, 1991 ;Younglove et al, 1994).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of plant age on ozone resistance in Plantago major

Lyons¹,

Barnes²

1998

New Phytologist

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$ on growth and reproductive performance confirmed the sensitivity of the population to the pollutant. In the absence of the development of typical visible symptoms of foliar damage, the total d. wt of plants maintained in O $ over a 56-d period was 35 % lower than that of control plants. However, the impact of the pollutant was found to decrease as plants aged. Plant relative growth rate (R E ) was only affected in seedlings, suggesting that effects of O $ on seedling growth were largely responsible for the decrease in accumulated biomass ; the growth rate of older plants was not affected by O $ . The observed shift in O $ resistance with plant age was mediated by both ' acclimation ' and ontogenetic changes. ' Acclimation ' was not associated with changes in O $ uptake, and there was some evidence to support the existence of compensatory growth responses. In addition to effects on vegetative growth, plants exhibited an O $ -induced decline in reproductive performance ; O $ reducing the number of flower spikes and seed capsules produced per plant. Ozone episodes administered at different stages of development indicated that reproductive development was particularly sensitive to O $ during the early stages of flowering.The findings of this study are discussed in relation to evolutionary adaptation to O $ in natural plant communities.The importance of plant age, prior exposure to the pollutant and the timing of O $ episodes in relation to plant developmental stage are highlighted.

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“…The effective protection of natural ecosystems generally considered more sensitive (Heck & Dunagainst ozone by means of air-quality guidelines ning, 1967;Hill, Heggestad & Linzon, 1970; Blum such as the UN-ECE critical levels (UN-ECE, & Heck, 1980;Richards, Mulchi & Hall, 1980;Bull, 1991;DavisonSt Barnes, 1992), depends Taylor, Ashmore & Bell, 1988;Kasana, 1991). on sound knowledge of the pollutant response of Because of this possible age effect, sensitivity from native species (Davison & Barnes, 1992; Reiling & seedling to seed production was tested to ascertain if Davison, 1992a).…”

Section: Introduction ^J^^ Literature Is Not Extensive Young Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to ozone at different stages in the development of Plantago major L. on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange

Reiling

Davison

1994

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYSimilar ozone treatments were applied at diflferent stages of growth to a population of Plantago major L., which is as sensitive to ozone as Bel-W3 tobacco. Plants were grown from seed for 8 wk in controlled-environment chambers and exposed to 70 //I O., 1"^ 7 h d"' for the whole period or for 2-wk episodes during weeks 1 + 2, 3+4, 5 _l _ (, or 7 + 8. Controls had charcoal-filtered air. Effects on stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fiuorescence and net photosynthesis are described.The fluorescence character, /i, proved to be very sensitive to ozone, and it responded at all stages of plant development, but the ratio of variable to maximum fiuorescence decreased only when plants received ozone during the first 2 wk of growth. The reduction was caused by a drop in maximum fluorescence. Ozone had no effect on Whenever exposure occurred, O., significantly reduced net CO., assimilation and increased stomatal conductance. Unlike ti, the effects were persistent, affecting leaves that were in bud or enshrouded by leaves when the exposure occurred. It is suggested that these persistent effects may have been caused by changes in resource allocation, fiowering and senescence, which resulted in altered hormonal balance.

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Influence of Plant Maturity on the Sensitivity of Turfgrass Species to Ozone

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of ozone on wild plants

Effects of ozone on wild plants

Influence of plant age on ozone resistance in Plantago major

Effects of exposure to ozone at different stages in the development of Plantago major L. on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange

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