“…Because of the very high hardness of the Vitroperm alloy Fe 73.9 Cu 1 Nb 3 Si 15.5 B 6.6 (6–10 GPa) and particularly of Makino’s alloy Fe 81.2 Co 4 Si 0.5 B 9.5 P 4 Cu 0.8 (up to 16 GPa at least when fully crystallized), the feature of SPD methods utilizing high hydrostatic pressures up to about 10 GPa seems essential to provide any plastic deformation in these alloys (e.g., [ 5 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]). So far, some amount of deformation has been achieved by ball milling [ 27 ], impact hammering [ 28 ]) and HPT (e.g., [ 14 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]) but these efforts were so far limited to very small samples. However, SPD methods are basically bottom-up methods to achieve bulk nanocrystalline and/or amorphous metals and alloys, they are not only capable of nanocrystallization but can even realize massive materials from amorphous ribbons (e.g., [ 15 ]).…”