Influence of plasticity on unfrozen water content of frozen soils as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

Kong, Lingming; Wang, Yansong; Sun, Wenjing; Qi, Jilin

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2020.102993

Cited by 63 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The NMR method has the characteristics of being direct and non-destructive, suffering low external interference and having a short single test time. It is a quick, precise, non-destructive method for testing the unfrozen water content of soil [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ANFIS and BPNN Methods to Predict the Unfrozen Water Content of Saline Soil in Western Jilin, China

et al. 2018

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: Saline soil in seasonally frozen soil areas has caused tremendous damage to engineering and the ecological environment. The unfrozen water is the main factor affecting the properties of saline soil in seasonally frozen soil area and therefore needs to be studied. However, due to the high cost of laboratory measurement of the unfrozen water content, this study focuses on using an adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict the unfrozen water content of saline soil in the Zhenlai area, Western Jilin. The data for the constructed model is obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing. The initial water content (W0), salt content (S), and temperature (T) are used as input parameters for predicting the unfrozen water content (Wu). The results of the ANFIS and BPNN models are compared. The results show that although both methods are suitable for predicting the unfrozen water content of saline soil in the Zhenlai area, western Jilin, the prediction accuracy of the ANFIS model is higher.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using ANFIS and BPNN Methods to Predict the Unfrozen Water Content of Saline Soil in Western Jilin, China

et al. 2018

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“…The ρ 2 value depends on the paramagnetic impurities on the grain surfaces interacting with hydrogen nuclei in pore water and the imposing of additional relaxations (Lyu et al, 2018). The ρ 2 is also related to the combination of pore fluid and mineral grain and pore fluid for interpreting NMR results (Kong et al, 2020). In this study, the ρ 2 value was determined as 0.258 μm/s based on the Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR) equation (Daigle and Dugan 2009).…”

Section: Pore Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NMRI scan also provides a rapid and convenient testing procedure which saves measuring time for investigating the pore-water distributions during the freezing process (Nakashima et al, 2011). Acknowledging the most functional potential of NMRI technique in measuring pore water in specimens, a set of studies have been performed on soils affected by the F-T damage (Watanabe and Wake 2009;Kong et al, 2020). Nevertheless, the relationship between macroscopic mechanical behavior and microstructure of GRS requires further exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Ground Freezing Impact on Shear Strength and Microstructure of Granite Residual Soil Under an Extremely Low Temperature

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Artificial Ground Freezing (AGF) method, which is widely used in tunnel excavations, significantly affects the properties of geotechnical materials in frozen walls under extremely low temperatures. In order to simulate the AGF process, the freezing treatment with a temperature of −30°C and thawing treatment temperature of 25°C were performed on natural specimens of granite residual soil (GRS). Subsequently, triaxial (TRX) tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical properties and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Image (NMRI) tests were applied to detect pore distributions of GRS. To clarify variations of microstructure after freezing-thawing, the relaxation time (T2) distribution curves and T2-weighted images from NMRI results were thoroughly analyzed from the perspective of quantization and visualization. Results show that the shear strength as well as the cohesion of GRS are reduced sharply by the AGF process, while the internal friction angle decreases gently. The pore size distribution (PSD) converted from the T2 curve is constituted of two different peaks, corresponding to micro-pores with diameters from 0.1 to 10 µm and macro-pores with diameters from 10 to 1,000 µm. Under the AGF impact, the expansion in macro-pores and shrinkage in micro-pores simultaneously exist in the specimen, which was verified from a visualized perspective by T2-weighted images. The frost heaving damage on shear strength is attributed to the microstructural disturbance caused by the presence of large-scale pores and uneven deformations in GRS, which is subjected to the AGF impact under an extremely low temperature.

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“…They presented an empirical equation for calculating the unfrozen water content at different temperatures. Subsequently, exponential and power function relationships were proposed and developed by McKenzie et al 18 and Kong et al 19 Unfrozen water content is closely related to ice and water pressure. 15 To further describe the correlation between ice and water pressure at different temperatures, the Clapeyron equation was developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical model to predict unfrozen water content based on the probability of ice formation in soils

Wan¹,

Pei

et al. 2022

Permafrost & Periglacial

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The variation in unfrozen water content with temperature substantially affects coupled heat and water transport in frozen soil, causing frost heave and thaw settlement owing to the ice and water phase change and influencing soil stability in cold regions. Thus, analyzing the mechanism of water freezing and building a predictive model for the unfrozen water content of soils is paramount. In this study, an analytical model based on equivalent contact angle was developed to predict the unfrozen water content. The relationship between the equivalent contact angle and temperature was obtained based on the assumption that the heterogeneous nucleation rate nonlinearly decreased with temperature. The proposed analytical model was validated using existing unfrozen water content data at various temperatures for a silty clay soil material from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and compared to several existing numerical models which predict unfrozen water content in soil materials. The results revealed a close relationship between the unfrozen water content and equivalent contact angle, and the equivalent contact angle increased as the temperature decreased. Meanwhile, the pore water in the soil first froze when the contact angle was smaller. Moreover, the values predicted by the analytical model for the unfrozen water content agreed well with the experimental results, especially under low‐temperature conditions and during the early stage of water freezing.

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Influence of plasticity on unfrozen water content of frozen soils as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Using ANFIS and BPNN Methods to Predict the Unfrozen Water Content of Saline Soil in Western Jilin, China

Using ANFIS and BPNN Methods to Predict the Unfrozen Water Content of Saline Soil in Western Jilin, China

Artificial Ground Freezing Impact on Shear Strength and Microstructure of Granite Residual Soil Under an Extremely Low Temperature

Analytical model to predict unfrozen water content based on the probability of ice formation in soils

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