Influence of polarization on pump-signal RIN transfer and cross-phase modulation in copumped Raman amplifiers

Martinelli, C.; Lorcy, L.; Durécu-Legrand, A.; Mongardien, D.; Borne, S.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.879218

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Raman pumps that have low walk-off with the signal mediate a cross-polarization penalty that was not detected in singlepolarized 10G OOK signal formats (which has a polarization insensitive receiver). A similar effect was noted in [35] and was attributed to a pump-signal cross-phase modulation. This impairment limits the number of spans that could employ forward Raman amplification and the pump wavelengths that would be used.…”

Section: E Other Impairmentssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…RIN may also transfer between pumps before transferring to a signal so that multiple pump processes have also been studied [32], [33]. Noise can transfer through phase (as opposed to just intensity) which has received additional consideration in the literature [34], including polarization effects [35], for phase-modulated signals. The last study was particularly relevant as it modeled the spectral and polarization properties of pump lasers as they are typically implemented which results in a larger RIN penalty than more simplistic models.…”

Section: Noise Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Pelouch¹

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Raman amplification has been commercially utilized in optical transmission systems for more than a decade. The drive towards higher spectral density has increased the interest in Raman to improve system performance. This tutorial reviews the benefits of Raman amplification, defines methods to analyze system performance, and describes the issues involved with system deployment and operation.Index Terms-Distributed amplifiers, optical fiber amplifiers, Raman scattering, optical fiber communications, optical fiber networks, coherent communications. 0733-8724 (c)

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Section: E Other Impairmentssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Noise Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Pelouch¹

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…The quantitative differences compared to the theoretical and numerical results described in the previous sections are mainly ascribed to the use in the experiments regarding the initial level influence of a non-zero walk-off fiber and to polarization issues. The unpolarized nature of the pump wave, as well as the influence of polarization mode dispersion of the fiber can indeed strongly affect the signal evolution [14,45]. In spite of its interest, such a study goes beyond the scope of the present article.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme statistics in Raman fiber amplifiers: From analytical description to experiments

Hammani

Picozzi

Finot

2011

Optics Communications

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In this work, we investigate the emergence of rare and intense events during the Raman fiber amplification of a continuous wave. We highlight how dispersive properties and pump depletion can strongly influence the statistical properties of the amplified signal and its optical spectrum. Under certain conditions, the probability density functions of the amplified signal are calculated analytically and compared with the results of the numerical simulations. The conclusions are qualitatively validated by experiments carried out at telecommunication wavelengths.

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“…Besides, the intensities of the Raman pump lights varied with time, and the variety of pump intensities could change the Raman gain and the intensity of the signal light, referred to as the RIN transfer [13]. The RIN transfer and the XPM were dependent on the group delay between the signal and the pump lights [17]. Generally, the Raman pump sources are broadband continuous wave lasers.…”

Section: Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When we neglect the pump depletion, the coupled NLSE can be simplified to a simplified NLSE of the signal light. With the equation, we can analyze phenomena such as self-phase modulation (SPM), RIN transfer, and cross-phase modulation (XPM) from the pump lights to the signal lights [17]. However, pump depletion cannot always be neglected, and it will induce dominant errors in the system with high pump power and high Raman gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Channel Model to Deal with Distributed Noises and Nonlinear Effects in a Fiber System with Distributed Raman Amplifiers

Xie

Feng

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Nowadays, the distributed fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) has become more and more popular in long-haul fiber systems, owing to its lower noise figures and weaker nonlinear effects in the link. The critical issue in distributed FRAs is the presence of various kinds of noises and their interactions with the signal. However, the existing Raman channel models and their numerical solving methods can only partially describe how the randomly distributed noises interact with the signal. This causes the difficulties in analyzing the distributed FRA precisely and the inconveniences for the applications and the maintenance of FRA systems. In this paper, we propose a modified Raman channel model to describe more comprehensively the interactions between the distributed noises and the signal under the influence of loss, distributed gain, dispersion, and nonlinear effects in the distributed FRA systems. With the comparisons of the error–vector magnitude (EVM) curves, our model can get lower errors in the experimental results regarding bidirectional pumped FRA single-span fiber systems and multi-span systems with backward-pumped FRAs.

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Influence of polarization on pump-signal RIN transfer and cross-phase modulation in copumped Raman amplifiers

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Extreme statistics in Raman fiber amplifiers: From analytical description to experiments

A Channel Model to Deal with Distributed Noises and Nonlinear Effects in a Fiber System with Distributed Raman Amplifiers

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