Influence of porosity parameters and electrolyte chemical composition on the power densities of non-aqueous and ionic liquid based supercapacitors

Härmas, Riinu; Palm, Rasmus; Härmas, Meelis; Pohl, Maarja; Kurig, Heisi; Tallo, Indrek; Tee, Ester; Vaas, Ingrid; Väli, R.; Romann, Tavo; Oll, Ove; Kanarbik, Rait; Liivand, Kerli; Eskusson, Jaanus; Kruusma, Jaanus; Thomberg, Thomas; Jänes, Alar; Miidla, Peep; Lust, Enn

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.115

Cited by 40 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…For materials with high proportion of ultramicropores, CO 2 adsorption has to be implemented for better estimation due to the fact that CO 2 can more easily access ultramicropores. 5,6,14 The specific surface area, S BET , and other parameters for the carbon materials were calculated according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) theory (Table II). 15,16 The total volume of pores (V tot ) was obtained at the conditions near to saturation pressure p/p 0 = 0.97.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In electrical-double layer capacitors (EDLC) different carbon materials are used for preparing the hierarchically micromesoporous electrodes. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The use of activated carbon electrodes in EDLC-s is taking advantages of its micro-mesoporous structure to reduce the electrode's electrical resistance and improve energy storage performance. 1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity. 1,[6][7][8][9] These properties make the CDC materials especially promising for energy storage/power generation applications. 2,4,8 To improve the carbon materials specific surface area and average pore size they are often activated by gas phase or liquid phase activation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Tee

Tallo

Thomberg

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Different mico-mesoporous silicon carbide-derived carbons (SiC-CDC) were synthesized via gas phase chlorination at 1100 • C and thereafter activated at 900 • C and 1000 • C with H 2 O steam using Ar and CO 2 as the carrier gases. The physical characterization data show that these materials are mainly amorphous, the structure does not change remarkably during the activation process and the surface chemistry of the differently activated and treated materials remains the same and there are no functional groups at the SiC-CDC surface. N 2 , Ar and CO 2 sorption measurements indicate an increase in the specific surface area and pore size distribution with increasing the activation temperature, whereas the influence of the carrier gas during synthesis is minimal. Although the specific surface areas and pore size distributions differed, the electrochemical parameters in 1 M (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 acetonitrile solution for all SiC-CDC materials were similar -specific gravimetric capacitances 130 ± 18 F g −1 and volumetric capacitance 67 ± 14 F cm Activated carbon materials are widely studied for several energy storage applications. In electrical-double layer capacitors (EDLC) different carbon materials are used for preparing the hierarchically micromesoporous electrodes.1-6 The use of activated carbon electrodes in EDLC-s is taking advantages of its micro-mesoporous structure to reduce the electrode's electrical resistance and improve energy storage performance.1 Organic and waste materials are quite often being used to prepare cost-effective carbon materials, but carbide-derived carbons (CDC) have an unique nanoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution, a possibility to fine-tune the pore size and volume and also they have high electric conductivity.1,6-9 These properties make the CDC materials especially promising for energy storage/power generation applications. 2,4,8 To improve the carbon materials specific surface area and average pore size they are often activated by gas phase or liquid phase activation. Since gas phase activation enables cleaner production it is more favorable than liquid phase chemical activation.9,10 Carbon dioxide and H 2 O steam are the most widespread activating agents due to the cost-efficiency and endothermic nature of their reactions which allows better process control. 1Previously we have shown that gas phase activation with CO 2 of silicon carbide-derived carbon (SiC-CDC) resulted in doubling of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area and noticeable increase in pore size.12 Due to that the electrochemical parameters where significantly enhanced.12,13 Román et al. have reported that while CO 2 produces narrow micropores on the carbons and widens them as activation time is increased, steam yields pores of all the sizes from the early stages of the process and results in wider pore size distribution and more obvious development of macropores in the carbon materials.9,11 Steam activation has been widely used before for different activated carbons, but it is not m...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Tee

Tallo

Thomberg

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Almost rectangular shaped CV curves were registered at different sweep rates (Figure 4a), which are typically reported for samples undergoing capacitive‐type charge storage mechanism. The large SSA and wide pore size distribution combined with the presence of graphene account for its high specific capacitance 181 F g −1 (136 mAh g −1 ) measured at 0.25 A g −1 and excellent capacitance retention 84 F g −1 (60 mAh g −1 ) at 40 A g −1 (Figure 4b) [38] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐Functionalized Graphene for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with Improved Power and Cyclability

Moreno‐Fernández

Granados-Moreno

Gómez‐Urbano

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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Herein, we report an easy approach for the preparation of graphene‐based materials suitable as electrodes for lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that phosphorus‐functionalized graphene oxide (rGO800‐P) is used as negative (battery‐type) electrode in LICs technology. An activated carbon derived from the pyrolysis of graphene‐carbon composite served as positive (capacitor‐type) electrode. While phosphorus functionalization on the negative electrode enables fast Li+ kinetics during insertion/extraction processes, the flat‐shaped morphology, large surface area and proper pore size distribution of the positive electrode enhance the double‐layer formation. Full LICs optimization, oversizing the negative electrode allows operating in the extended voltage window of 1.5–4.5 V delivering high energy and power values (91 Wh kg−1AM at 145 W kg−1AM and 33 Wh kg−1AM at 26,000 W kg−1AM) without compromising the cycling performance (76 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).

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“…The redox peak indicates deintercalation/intercalation or Faradaic processes that are entirely dissimilar to the mechanism of energy storage in the EDLC. The EDLC will accumulate energy within adsorption and desorption or non-Faradaic processes [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The pattern of the CV has a leaf-like shape at 100 mV/s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

et al. 2020

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This research paper investigates the electrochemical performance of chitosan (CS): dextran (DX) polymer-blend electrolytes (PBEs), which have been developed successfully with the incorporation of ammonium hexafluorophosphate (NH4PF6). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates that the plasticized electrolyte system with the highest value of direct current (DC) ionic conductivity is the most amorphous system. The glycerol addition increased the amorphous phase and improved the ionic dissociation, which contributed to the enhancement of the fabricated device’s performance. Transference number analysis (TNM) has shown that the charge transport process is mainly by ions rather than electrons, as tion = 0.957. The CS:DX:NH4PF6 system was found to decompose as the voltage goes beyond 1.5 V. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) revealed that the potential window for the most plasticized system is 1.5 V. The fabricated electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge-discharge analysis. The results from CV verify that the EDLC in this work holds the characteristics of a capacitor. The imperative parameters of the fabricated EDLC such as specific capacitance and internal resistance were found to be 102.9 F/g and 30 Ω, respectively. The energy stored and power delivered by the EDLC were 11.6 Wh/kg and 2741.2 W/kg, respectively.

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Influence of porosity parameters and electrolyte chemical composition on the power densities of non-aqueous and ionic liquid based supercapacitors

Cited by 40 publications

References 99 publications

Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Steam and Carbon Dioxide Co-Activated Silicon Carbide-Derived Carbons for High Power Density Electrical Double Layer Capacitors

Phosphorus‐Functionalized Graphene for Lithium‐Ion Capacitors with Improved Power and Cyclability

Blending and Characteristics of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor Device Assembled from Plasticized Proton Ion Conducting Chitosan:Dextran:NH4PF6 Polymer Electrolytes

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