Influence of post-heat treatments on microstructural and mechanical properties of LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloy

Pathania, Akshay; Kumar, S. Anand; Nagesha, B.K.

doi:10.1007/s40964-022-00306-6

Cited by 21 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These characteristics make titanium alloys particularly suitable for applications requiring lightweight, durable, and biocompatible components. Ti-6Al-4V [33] (Grade 5 titanium): This is perhaps the most widely used titanium alloy in LPBF. It consists of 90% titanium, 6% aluminum, and 4% vanadium.…”

Section: Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Exploring Recent Technological Breakthroughs and Alloy Utilization

Hedric

2024

Preprint

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), as a transformative technology in the field of additive manufacturing, offers unprecedented design flexibility and material efficiency. This review paper delves into the latest advancements in LPBF technology and the various alloys used in the process, including titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, steel alloys, copper alloys, and high-entropy alloys. For each alloy category, we discuss their specific applications, performance characteristics, and challenges faced in LPBF usage. The paper discusses important technological breakthroughs, including innovations in laser systems, scanning strategies, and in-situ monitoring technologies, which have enhanced the precision and reliability of LPBF.

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Section: Titanium Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Exploring Recent Technological Breakthroughs and Alloy Utilization

Hedric

2024

Preprint

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“…11. The microstructures of as-printed Ti6Al4V were anisotropic due to complex thermal events during the LPBF process [23]. A re-melting process in the LPBF process occurs when a layer of material completely reheats and cools, promoting the columnar grain growth towards the build direction.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment (CHT) and build direction

Pathania¹,

Kumar

Kenchappa³

2022

Preprint

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The present work exploits the customized heat treatment (CHT) to study the porosity levels of Optical microscopy evaluates the porosity level and microstructure in different conditions. Further, the porosities are classified as inter-micropores (size < 10 µm) and super-micropores (size > 10 µm). Moreover, the XRD technique was used to analyse the different phases that arose during laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) and CHT. The CHT at elevated temperature (1050ºC) helps to reduce the overall porosity level by two times that of as-printed samples due to the sintering self-healing phenomenon. Interestingly, the super-micropores observed in as-printed samples are reduced via CHT, which is favourable for enhancing mechanical properties. Moreover, the refinement of microstructures into different phases after CHT has improved the densification behaviour. (i). Classification and quantifications of the porosities level of LPBF processed Ti6Al4V alloy under both directions due to CHT. (ii). The effect of CHT and its pore self-healing mechanism and microstructure refinement on LPBF processed Ti6Al4V alloy. (iii) This study reveals that the CHT technique can be beneficial in introducing isotropic microstructure and densifying the distinctive LPBF components.

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“…A similar study by Xu et al [44] obtained in situ martensitic decomposition by fine-tuning the LPBF fabrication parameters, particularly the laser focal offset distance, resulting in strong and ductile Ti64 parts. Heat treatment has also been investigated as a way to promote decomposition and improve the mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Ti64 [45][46][47][48]. Nevertheless, this method has been found to be time-consuming and expensive and may even lead to a loss of strength for the part [45,47,49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Fabrication Design for In Situ Martensite Decomposition and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti6Al4V Alloy

Farhang,

Tanrikulu,

Ganesh-Ram

et al. 2023

JMMP

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Ti6Al4V alloy (Ti64) is a popular material used in the aerospace, medical, and automotive industries due to its excellent mechanical properties. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a promising manufacturing technique that can produce complex and net-shaped components with comparable mechanical properties to those produced using conventional manufacturing techniques. However, during LPBF, the rapid cooling of the material can limit its ductility, making it difficult to achieve high levels of ductility while maintaining the required tensile strength for critical applications. To address this challenge, this study presents a novel approach to controlling the microstructure of Ti64 during LPBF by using a border design surrounding the main parts. It is hypothesized that the design induces in situ martensitic decomposition at different levels during the fabrication process, which can enhance the ductility of the material without compromising its tensile strength. To achieve this aim, a series of Ti64 samples were fabricated using LPBF with varying border designs, including those without borders and with gaps from 0.5 to 4 mm. The microstructure, composition, and mechanical properties of the Reference sample were compared with those of the samples fabricated with the surrounding border design. It was found that the latter had a more homogenized microstructure, a higher density, and improvements in both ductility and tensile strength. Moreover, it was discovered that the level of property improvement and martensitic transformation can be controlled by adjusting the gap space between the border and the main part, providing flexibility in the fabrication process. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for enhancing the mechanical properties of Ti64 produced via LPBF, making it more suitable for critical applications in various industries.

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Influence of post-heat treatments on microstructural and mechanical properties of LPBF-processed Ti6Al4V alloy

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Exploring Recent Technological Breakthroughs and Alloy Utilization

Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Exploring Recent Technological Breakthroughs and Alloy Utilization

Densification behaviour of laser powder bed fusion processed Ti6Al4V: Effects of customized heat treatment (CHT) and build direction

Innovative Fabrication Design for In Situ Martensite Decomposition and Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Laser Powder Bed Fused Ti6Al4V Alloy

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