Influence of pre-treatment temperature of palm oil fuel ash on the properties and performance of green ceramic hollow fiber membranes towards oil/water separation application

Design and fabrication of ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste ash using phase inversion-based extrusion/sintering technique for water filtration

“…Moreover, the notable content of residual organic matters such as carbon could also be a reason that led to the less dense sponge-like structure in the POFA-derived CHFM. During sintering, some voids were created in the membrane structure due to the oxidation of the organic matters which resulted in larger membrane pore size [12]. Table 3 shows the bending strength of the CHFM derived from different POFA loadings.…”

“…The uses of costly alumina precursor powders and very high sintering temperatures result in high operational cost of ceramic membrane fabrication. In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have been devoted to the fabrication of CHFM using alternative materials such as natural materials (clays) [8][9][10] and sustainable solid wastes materials [9,11,12]. It is believed that the utilization of these low-cost alternative materials could reduce the membrane fabrication costs, making CHFM more cost-competitive.…”

“…Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is among the major byproducts from the burning of palm kernel shells, palm oil ber, and palm oil husk. POFA contains a large amount of crystalline silica in the form of quartz [12]. To add its technological values, POFA could be harnessed for the fabrication of low-cost silica-based CHFM for water treatment.…”

“…The crystalline silica phase also gives the membranes with better mechanical strength than the amorphous phase [9]. Besides, POFA also has high porosity that is attributed to its composition consisting of various inorganic oxides [12,16]. The abundant silanol group on the rudimentary porous structure of POFA makes it prone to adsorption, separation, and catalysis processes [17].…”

“…Recently, our group has investigated the feasibility of the green POFA-derived CHFM for oily water separation and heavy metal adsorption [12,23,24]. These membranes successfully demonstrated outstanding ltration and adsorption performances.…”