Influence of pregnancy stage and fetus position on the whole-body and local exposure of the fetus to RF-EMF

Varsier, Nadège; Dahdouh, Sonia; Serrurier, Antoine; Plata, J-P De la; Anquez, Jérémie; Angelini, Elsa D.; Bloch, Isabelle; Wiart, Joe

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/59/17/4913

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In [ 24 ], the variability of the exposure due to the fetal posture was quantified on three pregnant woman models at three months GA, in which the fetal posture was changed among the most statistically significant at that stage of pregnancy. A detailed description of the various fetal positions during pregnancy is provided in [ 45 ]. The three months GA pregnant models were exposed to uniform B -field oriented with respect to the classical directions B front , B lat and B top .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Influence of the Orientation of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Fetal Exposure Using Polynomial Chaos Decomposition

Liorni

Parazzini

Fiocchi

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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Human exposure modelling is a complex topic, because in a realistic exposure scenario, several parameters (e.g., the source, the orientation of incident fields, the morphology of subjects) vary and influence the dose. Deterministic dosimetry, so far used to analyze human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), is highly time consuming if the previously-mentioned variations are considered. Stochastic dosimetry is an alternative method to build analytical approximations of exposure at a lower computational cost. In this study, it was used to assess the influence of magnetic flux density (B) orientation on fetal exposure at 50 Hz by polynomial chaos (PC). A PC expansion of induced electric field (E) in each fetal tissue at different gestational ages (GA) was built as a function of B orientation. Maximum E in each fetal tissue and at each GA was estimated for different exposure configurations and compared with the limits of the International Commission of Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines 2010. PC theory resulted in an efficient tool to build accurate approximations of E in each fetal tissue. B orientation strongly influenced E, with a variability across tissues from 10% to 43% with respect to the mean value. However, varying B orientation, maximum E in each fetal tissue was below the limits of ICNIRP 2010 at all GAs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Influence of the Orientation of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Fetal Exposure Using Polynomial Chaos Decomposition

Liorni

Parazzini

Fiocchi

et al. 2015

IJERPH

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show abstract

“…To add to the complexity of the issue, the estimation of fetus RF exposure induced by wireless communication systems is highly complex because the exposure depends on many parameters (source, usage, frequency, posture, age of fetus). Specific absorption models showed that the fetus is exposed to various RF-EMF from the mother holding her cell phone close to her head or her body, depending on the position of the fetus and the pregnancy week [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundCell phone use during pregnancy is a public health concern. We investigated the association between maternal cell phone use in pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years.MethodsThis prospective study includes 45,389 mother-child pairs, participants of the MoBa, recruited at mid-pregnancy from 1999 to 2008. Maternal frequency of cell phone use in early pregnancy and child language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years, were assessed by questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations.ResultsNo cell phone use in early pregnancy was reported by 9.8% of women, while 39%, 46.9% and 4.3% of the women were categorized as low, medium and high cell phone users. Children of cell phone user mothers had 17% (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.89) lower adjusted risk of having low sentence complexity at 3 years, compared to children of non-users. The risk was 13%, 22% and 29% lower by low, medium and high maternal cell phone use. Additionally, children of cell phone users had lower risk of low motor skills score at 3 years, compared to children of non-users, but this association was not found at 5 years. We found no association between maternal cell phone use and low communication skills.ConclusionsWe reported a decreased risk of low language and motor skills at three years in relation to prenatal cell phone use, which might be explained by enhanced maternal-child interaction among cell phone users. No evidence of adverse neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal cell phone use was reported.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4672-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Firstly, specific absorption rate (SAR) models indicate that RF-EMF from the mother holding the cell phone to her head or near the body would only result in very low SAR levels to reach the fetus (below the basic restriction of 0.08 W kg −1 )(Varsier et al, 2014); and these SAR models vary depending on pregnancy stage and position of the fetus, relying on many assumptions and extrapolations (Dimbylow, 2007; Dimbylow et al, 2009; Varsier et al, 2014). Also, RF-EMF exposure to the fetus could depend on where the mother carries her cell phone (Sudan et al, 2016), data which was not available for this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts

Birks

Guxens

Papadopoulou

et al. 2017

Environment International

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Introduction Previous studies have reported associations between prenatal cell phone use and child behavioral problems, but findings have been inconsistent and based on retrospective assessment of cell phone use. This study aimed to assess this association in a multi-national analysis, using data from three cohorts with prospective data on prenatal cell phone use, together with previously published data from two cohorts with retrospectively collected cell phone use data. Methods We used individual participant data from 83,884 mother-child pairs in the five cohorts from Denmark (1996–2002), Korea (2006–2011), the Netherlands (2003–2004), Norway (2004–2008), and Spain (2003–2008). We categorized cell phone use into none, low, medium, and high, based on frequency of calls during pregnancy reported by the mothers. Child behavioral problems (reported by mothers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist) were classified in the borderline/clinical and clinical ranges using validated cut-offs in children aged 5–7 years. Cohort specific risk estimates were meta-analyzed. Results Overall, 38.8% of mothers, mostly from the Danish cohort, reported no cell phone use during pregnancy and these mothers were less likely to have a child with overall behavioral, hyperactivity/inattention or emotional problems. Evidence for a trend of increasing risk of child behavioral problems through the maternal cell phone use categories was observed for hyperactivity/inattention problems (OR for problems in the clinical range: 1.11, 95%CI 1.01, 1.22; 1.28, 95%CI 1.12, 1.48, among children of medium and high users, respectively). This association was fairly consistent across cohorts and between cohorts with retrospectively and prospectively collected cell phone use data. Conclusions Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk for behavioral problems, particularly hyperactivity/inattention problems, in the offspring. The interpretation of these results is unclear as uncontrolled confounding may influence both maternal cell phone use and child behavioral problems.

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Influence of pregnancy stage and fetus position on the whole-body and local exposure of the fetus to RF-EMF

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Study of the Influence of the Orientation of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Fetal Exposure Using Polynomial Chaos Decomposition

Study of the Influence of the Orientation of a 50-Hz Magnetic Field on Fetal Exposure Using Polynomial Chaos Decomposition

Maternal cell phone use in early pregnancy and child’s language, communication and motor skills at 3 and 5 years: the Norwegian mother and child cohort study (MoBa)

Maternal cell phone use during pregnancy and child behavioral problems in five birth cohorts

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