Influence of process parameters on mechanical strength, build time, and material consumption of3Dprinted polylactic acid parts

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to examine and analyze the effect of different process parameters of fused deposition modeling process, namely, nozzle diameter, build orientation, infill density, raster pattern, layer height, and print speed on the response variables, namely, tensile strength, build time, and material consumption. Taguchi L 27 orthogonal array experimental design has been adopted to print the PLA samples for experimental investigation. The optimum values of process parameters are obtained from the signal-to-noise ratio values of responses. The performed confirmation tests revealed that optimum process parameters combination determined through Taguchi method improves the tensile strength, reduce the build time, and material consumption significantly. Confirmation from analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the build orientation and nozzle diameter are the most influential process parameters for all the considered responses. The infill density is found to be an influential process parameter for material consumption. Further, the developed regression models for prediction of response characteristics and normal probability plots show significance of coefficients for predicted models. Results from the confirmation test revealed that the PLA part printed with optimum settings ((Nd) 3 -(Bo) 3 -(Id) 3 -(Rp) 1 -(Lh) 2 -(Ps) 1 )) for tensile strength shows maximum tensile strength of 61.24 MPa with an improvement of 6.26%. Similarly, the part printed with the optimum settings ((Nd) 3 -(Bo) 1 -(Id) 2 -(Rp) 1 -(Lh) 3 -(Ps) 3 ) for build time takes 0.32 h of time with a reduction of 8.57%. The part printed with the optimum settings ((Nd) 1 -(Bo) 1 -(Id) 1 -(Rp) 2 -(Lh) 1 -(Ps) 2 ) for material consumption consumes material of 7.6 g with a reduction of 2.56%. Fracture mechanics results depict that variation of process parameters during the fabrication of samples has significant influence on the tensile strength.

In situ preparation of carbon fiber fabric reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites by vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding

“…[1][2][3][4][5] However, its poor crystallization and mechanical properties limit its application. [6,7] Compounding PLA with inorganic fibers is an effective way to enhance the crystallization ability and mechanical properties of PLA. Inorganic fibers cannot only improve the mechanical properties of PLA but also act as heterogeneous nuclei to promote the crystallization of PLA.…”

Extruded polymer instability study of the polylactic acid in fused filament fabrication process: Printing speed effects on tensile strength

“…[14,15] Investigating the effect of FFF process parameters on the various properties of the final printed product has always been of interest to researchers. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] To focus on the FFF progression, one of the last reviews done by Solomon et al, [11] pointed to some research that considered different challenging parameters in the FFF method, including: "thickness of the layer, raster angle, build orientation, the density of infill, speed of printing, infill pattern, the temperature of extrusion, raster width, nozzle diameter, contour width, contour to the contour air gap, contours numbers, air gap, etc." As seen, the spectrum of FFF parameters is different which as a network influence the final issues, but one of the most effective ones is the knowledge of controlling speed based on the high qualification achievements in this manufacturing process.…”

“…[ 14,15 ] Investigating the effect of FFF process parameters on the various properties of the final printed product has always been of interest to researchers. [ 16–23 ]…”

Experimental investigation on mechanical properties of additively manufactured anti‐tetrachiral cellular auxetic structures under shear and flexural loading

“…[20,21] It is a process in which thermoplastic polymer material (in a filament form) is heated up to glass transition state by extruder, and printed on the bed in layer-by-layer fashion. [22][23][24][25] Slice thickness, raster angle, build orientation, print temperature, print speed, air gap, and contour width are process factors that affect the mechanical properties of the ME fabricated parts. [26][27][28] Due to anisotropic nature of the material extrusion process, it is necessary to investigate relationship between process factors and mechanical properties of anti-tetrachiral structures.…”