Influence of processing conditions on microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of graphene nanoplatelet reinforced UHMWPE

The relations between wear behavior and basic material properties of graphene‐based materials reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

“…Vickers hardness test is the most commonly used method in the hardness measurement of carbon‐based materials reinforced in UHMWPE 20,25,27–30 . The surface hardness measurement was done using Vickers micro‐hardness machine at 10 g of load, 98.07 mN, retention time 15 s. 10 points of measurement were taken on a loaded surface area and average micro‐hardness was calculated.…”

“…More recently, research interest has been focused on developing carbon materials reinforced polymer composites 17–30 . Various carbon materials, including carbon fiber, 17,18 carbon nanotubes, 19,20 graphite, 21,22 graphene 23–26 and graphene oxide, 20,27–30 have been studied as fillers in UHMWPE because their good thermal stability, low shear strength and improvement on the oxidation degradation. Unfortunately, the biocompatibility of carbon materials is uncertain as it often contradictory according to the previous literature 31,32 .…”

“…In this work, graphite flakes (GF) and graphene oxide (GO) were selected as reinforcement particles due to their additional special properties; biocompatible, high thermal conductivity, hydrophilic behaviour and could act as a nucleating agent, which rarely found in another type of materials in the current market 20,23–30 . GF surface characteristics like flaky and exfoliated, while GO's oxygen contains‐functional group were utilized to serve as the respective mechanical and chemical binding structure with the UHMWPE matrix.…”

Effects of surface wettability and thermal conductivity on the wear performance of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/graphite and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/graphene oxide composites

“…3 Incorporating different filler materials into polyethylene can vary depending on their properties and compatibility in functioning on the properties enhancement or at a particular application. [3][4][5][6] Recent research has identified that combining graphitic carbon materials included graphite, [7][8][9][10] graphene, [11][12][13] carbon nanotubes, [14][15][16] and UHMWPE, has significantly improved the friction and wear performance of the composites. Incorporating graphitic particles such as graphite or graphene into UHMWPE exhibited excellent lubricating ability.…”

Preparation, characterization, and feasibility study of Sr/Zn-doped CPP/GNS/UHMWPE composites as an artificial joint component with enhanced hardness, impact strength, tribological and biological performance

“…The reason for this phenomenon was that Sr/Zndoped CPP/GNS had excellent mechanical properties, which could carry and transfer part of the load in the UHMWPE matrix. 20,21 The signicant difference between the specimens and the control samples indicated that graphene nanosheets could improve the affinity between the ller and the matrix material, and then the hardness of the composites was enhanced by Sr/Zn-doped CPP/GNS. 22 Impact strength of Sr/Zn-doped CPP/GNS/UHMWPE The impact strength was calculated according to the following formula:…”