INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOA ON THE PROCESS OF NITROGEN FIXATION BY <i>AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM</i>

Cutler, D. Ward; Bal, D. V.

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1926.tb04295.x

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Predation has been associated with alteration in the rates of microbially mediated biogeochemical processes, including nitrogen fixation [16], nitrification [17], carbon fixation [6], the production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) [18,19] and jet fuel degradation [20]. In some cases in which predators are grazing directly on the microorganisms responsible for the process in question, evidence of lower prey populations and higher community productivity suggests increases in the prey per-cell metabolic activity [16,17].…”

Section: Predation In Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases in which predators are grazing directly on the microorganisms responsible for the process in question, evidence of lower prey populations and higher community productivity suggests increases in the prey per-cell metabolic activity [16,17]. However, it is unclear if this is a direct response to predation on the part of individual prey cells or an indirect result of lower prey population densities because of grazing pressure.…”

Section: Predation In Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…+/-: some clearing observed, but ceases expanding shortly after leaving original inoculum area. In addition, other studies have shown that protozoan grazers can enhance prey communities' rate of metabolic activity and diversity [4,5,16,20,61,146].…”

Section: Dsm 20032mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and potential biogeochemical impacts of novel predatory flavobacteria

Banning¹

2010

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Predatory bacteria are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and may be important players in the ecology and biogeochemistry of microbial communities. Three novel strains belonging to two genera of marine flavobacteria, Olleya and Tenacibaculum, were cultured from coastal sediments and found to be predatory on other bacteria on surfaces. Two published species of the genus Tenacibaculum were also observed to grow by lysis of prey bacteria, raising the possibility that predation may be a widespread lifestyle amongst marine flavobacteria, which are diverse and abundant in a variety of marine environments. The marine flavobacterial clade is known to include species capable of photoheterotrophy, scavenging of polymeric organic substances, pathogenesis on animals, the degradation and lysis of phytoplankton blooms and, now, predation on bacterial communities. Strains from the two genera were found to exhibit divergent prey specificities and growth yields when growing predatorily. Olleya sp. predatory cells accumulated to an order of magnitude greater cell densities than Tenacibaculum sp. cells on equivalent prey cell densities. Experiments were conducted to constrain the potential of the novel isolates to affect prey communities under more environmentally relevant conditions. An investigation of the minimum number of predatory cells needed to generate clearings of prey cells found that the inoculation of individual predatory flavobacteria cells can ultimately result in dense lytic swarms. In some cases, the susceptibility of particular prey species to lysis by a flavobacterial predator was found to vary based on the growth state of the prey cells or the presence of their spent growth media. A novel methodology for the experimental study of biofilms was used to assess the impact of exposure to predatory marine flavobacteria on the release of macronutrients from prey biofilms. The Olleya sp. predator had a stimulative effect on macronutrient release while the Tenacibaculum sp. did not, further suggesting the two groups of predators are adapted to different ecological niches.

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Section: Predation In Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Predation In Microbial Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and potential biogeochemical impacts of novel predatory flavobacteria

Banning¹

2010

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“…Additionally, the ecosystem function that would be affected by grazing would be photosynthesis and N-fixation from the cyanobacteria. These possibilities have not been demonstrated experimentally with nematodes, but they have been shown for protozoa feeding on Azotobacter chroococcum (Nasir 1923;Cutler and Bal 1926) and Collembola feeding on arctic cyanobacterial mats (Birkemoe and Liengen 2000). In both cases, the experimenters found that N-fixation increased with intermediate levels of grazing from their microfaunal predator.…”

Section: What Microfauna Do In Soil Crust Ecosystemsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Microfauna Within Biological Soil Crusts

Darby

Neher

2016

Biological Soil Crusts: An Organizing Principle in Drylands

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“…The theory put forward by Russell & Hutchinson has never been fully accepted. Laboratory experiments with pure cultures of bacteria with and without the additions of Protozoa have shown that the latter do not always depress the biochemical activity of the bacteria, but may in fact stimulate it under certain conditions (Nasir, 1923;Cutler & Bal, 1926;Cutler & Crump, 1929;Harvey & Greaves, 1941;Meiklejohn, 1930Meiklejohn, , 1932. Further critical work is needed to explain this most interesting phenomenon.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Partial Sterilization by Steam and Formalin on the Numbers of Amoebae in Field Soil

Singh

Crump

1953

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY:In Sitka spruce nursery plots the numbers of amoebae in steam-treated soil rose with the increase in the bacterial population. The population of amoebae over a period of seven months was much higher in this soil than in the untreated or the formalin-treated soils. The formalin-treated soil had significantly lower numbers of amoebae compared with the untreated soil over a period of one year, although the bacterial numbers were often higher in the former than in the latter. It is suggested that the unsuitable quality of bacterial food supply might be responsible for keeping the numbers of amoebae in check in the formalin-treated soil. Double formalin treatment seemed to suppress further the numbers of amoebae.

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INFLUENCE OF PROTOZOA ON THE PROCESS OF NITROGEN FIXATION BY AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM

Cited by 36 publications

References 10 publications

Biology and potential biogeochemical impacts of novel predatory flavobacteria

Biology and potential biogeochemical impacts of novel predatory flavobacteria

Microfauna Within Biological Soil Crusts

The Effect of Partial Sterilization by Steam and Formalin on the Numbers of Amoebae in Field Soil

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