Influence of Purified Materials on the Development of the Ruminant Stomach

Flatt, William P.; Warner, R.G.; Loosli, J. K.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(58)91138-x

Cited by 127 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Lambs fed solely on milk from birth had the development of their fore-stomachs retarded at about the level found in the 3-week-old grazing lamb. Once plant food was fed, the fore-stomachs reached normal proportions very quickly.It would appear that the end-products (or a specific end-product) of rumen microbial digestion of plant food are responsible for the normal development of the fore-stomachs, rather than the physical nature of the plant food (Warner, Flatt & Loosli, 1956;Flatt, Warner & Loosli, 1958). No such rumen microbial end-product or end-products has been isolated and shown to be responsible for the normal development of the fore-stomachs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Some preliminary observations on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb II. The effects of diet on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb during post-natal life

Wardrop

1961

J. Agric. Sci.

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Wardrop (1960) has shown that the type of nutrition is more important than the plane of nutrition, in determining the growth rates of the fore-stomachs of the lamb, and that plant food is necessary for the normal development of these organs. Lambs fed solely on milk from birth had the development of their fore-stomachs retarded at about the level found in the 3-week-old grazing lamb. Once plant food was fed, the fore-stomachs reached normal proportions very quickly.It would appear that the end-products (or a specific end-product) of rumen microbial digestion of plant food are responsible for the normal development of the fore-stomachs, rather than the physical nature of the plant food (Warner, Flatt & Loosli, 1956;Flatt, Warner & Loosli, 1958). No such rumen microbial end-product or end-products has been isolated and shown to be responsible for the normal development of the fore-stomachs.Brownlee (1956) also showed that plant food was necessary for the normal fore-stomach development of calves, and this worker observed that various plant foods produced different degrees of rumen papillae development. He concluded that rumen papillae development was not necessarily associated with the development of the rumen as a whole but was aproperty of the particular plant food.Trautmann (1932), working with kids, showed that although the weights of the fore-stomachs were retarded by prolonged milk feeding, the normal histological age changes still proceeded in the rumen and reticulum, but the omasum remained in a juvenile state until plant food was fed. The histology of the omasum wall changed very rapidly once plant food was fed, and was normal in an 84-day-old kid which had received solid food for only 4 weeks prior to slaughter.In this paper a preliminary survey on the effects of type of diet on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb is presented.

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confidence: 86%

Some preliminary observations on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb II. The effects of diet on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb during post-natal life

Wardrop

1961

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…These goals resulted in the "calf starter method" for raising replacement heifers in the 19th century (Savage and McCay, 1942). Increasing starter intake is the primary driver of ruminal epithelial development in calves because of the production of the VFA butyrate (Flatt et al, 1958;Sander et al, 1959;Quigley et al, 1991). Attempts to stimulate starter intake and rumen development led to limits of the amount of milk supplied to calves on commercial dairy farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of enhanced whole-milk feeding in calves on subsequent first-lactation performance

Kiezebrink

Edwards

Wright

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of enhanced whole-milk (WM) feeding systems in calves from birth to 8wk of age on subsequent first-lactation performance. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design consisting of 2 treatment groups. At birth, 152 Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: (i) 4L of WM/d or (ii) 8L of WM/d. The calves were bucket fed 2 or 4L of WM twice daily at 0700 and 1600h. Each calf was housed individually in temperature-controlled nurseries and had ad libitum access to water and textured calf starter daily. Calves consumed greater volumes of textured calf starter when fed 4 versus 8L of WM/d. Water intakes mirrored starter intakes, leading to greater water consumption at weaning. Calves reared on 8L of WM/d were heavier at d 56 than calves reared on 4L of WM/d. The average daily gain of the calves offered 8L of WM/d from d 0 to 56 was greater than that of calves offered 4L of WM/d. Structural measurements were significantly greater for calves that consumed 8L of WM/d. The differences observed in withers height and live BW due to WM feeding level were not apparent by 3 and 12mo of age, respectively. Rumen pH was higher in calves that consumed 8L of WM/d than in calves that consumed 4L of WM/d. Whole-milk feeding level did not affect age at first calving or milk-production parameters. These results suggest that enhanced WM feeding improved growth performance until 3mo of age. However, first-lactation results indicated no lactation-performance benefits of increased nutrition and growth performance during the milk-fed period in dairy calves.

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“…Feeding induced adaptations of rumen epithelium growth are largely due to propionate and butyrate in the rumen fluid [34,35,41,68,85,101]. In the 1980's, German and Israeli scientists [27,71,78] showed that a reduction takes place in the surface area of the rumen papillae due to reduced feed intake in the dry period, and that this reduction could partly be prevented by giving an energy-rich lactation feed throughout the dry period.…”

Section: Rumen Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

Friggens¹,

Andersen²,

Larsen³

et al. 2004

Anim. Res.

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-This paper reviews important aspects of dry cow feeding with emphasis placed on the preparation of the cow for the subsequent lactation. A number of feeding strategies, which have been proposed in recent years, are examined, alongside considerations of the effects of dry period length, levels of body reserves at calving and parity. A number of studies have reported the effect of varying the length of the dry period (in the range 0 to 70 days) on subsequent production and health. An 8 week dry period seems optimal though this should be adjusted to allow for the body condition score of cows at drying off. Avoiding extremes of body condition score at calving is desirable, so condition should be monitored throughout the lactation cycle. Attempting to achieve large changes in body reserves in the dry period has been associated with increased problems postpartum. The feeding strategies that are reviewed are strategies to decrease body mobilisation, prime for body mobilisation, prime the rumen for increased intake, prime for milk protein production and prime for calcium mobilisation and absorption. These strategies are also evaluated relative to their biological basis and reported physiological effects. Feeding high starch feeds in the latter part of the dry period was found not to provide clear benefits in terms of decreasing early lactation body mobilisation or increasing early lactation intake. Strategies aimed at priming the cow for the increased mobilisation of body lipid and body calcium that occurs in early lactation appear more favourable both from the point of view of making biological sense and from the available results reviewed. dry period / feeding / body condition score / dairy cattle / health Résumé -Préparation des vaches laitières à la lactation : bilan des stratégies d'alimentation des vaches taries. Cet article passe en revue les aspects importants de l'alimentation des vaches taries en mettant l'accent sur la préparation de la vache à la lactation suivante. Plusieurs stratégies d'alimentation proposées au cours des dernières années sont examinées, dans le même temps que des considérations portant sur les effets de la durée de la période sèche, du niveau des réserves corporelles au vêlage et du rang de lactation. Un certain nombre d'études ont montré que le fait de * Corresponding author: n.friggens@agrsci.dk 454 N.C. Friggens et al.faire varier la durée de la période sèche (dans une plage de 0 à 70 jours) avait un effet sur la production et la santé lors de la lactation suivante. Une période sèche de 8 semaines semble optimale, quoiqu'elle doive être ajustée en tenant compte de la note d'état corporel des vaches au moment du tarissement. Il est préférable d'éviter des notes extrêmes au vêlage ; l'état corporel devrait donc être surveillé tout au long du cycle de lactation. Les tentatives de vouloir effectuer de grandes modifications du niveau des réserves corporelles pendant la période sèche ont été associées à une augmentation des problèmes postpartum. Les stratégies d'alimentation exposé...

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Influence of Purified Materials on the Development of the Ruminant Stomach

Cited by 127 publications

References 3 publications

Some preliminary observations on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb II. The effects of diet on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb during post-natal life

Some preliminary observations on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb II. The effects of diet on the histological development of the fore-stomachs of the lamb during post-natal life

Effect of enhanced whole-milk feeding in calves on subsequent first-lactation performance

Priming the dairy cow for lactation: a review of dry cow feeding strategies

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