Influence of pyrolysis temperature and bio-waste composition on biochar characteristics

Ortiz, Leandro Rodriguez; Torres, Erick; Zalazar, Daniela; Zhang, Huili; Rodríguez, Rosa; Mazza, Germán

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.181

Cited by 130 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The most developed pore structure of the biochar was observed at 500 • C. Similar research was carried out into pine nut shells [13]: the maximum specific surface area was obtained at high temperature and pressure of the process. The opposite results were reported in [14], where the pyrolysis temperature increased from 400 • C to 600 • C (in a nitrogen atmosphere and with 2 h exposure) decreased the specific surface area of almond and nut shell biochars. Similar results were reported in [15] for the peanut shell biochar, obtained by H 3 PO 4 treatment and pyrolysis at 650 • C in a nitrogen atmosphere, with 2 h exposure in case of Acid Yellow 36 removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

et al. 2021

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The process of slow pyrolysis of seven nut shell samples, in a nitrogen-purged atmosphere, has been studied, as well as characteristics of biochar obtained. The heat carrier with a temperature of 400–600 °C (with a step of 100 °C) was supplied indirectly using a double-walled reactor. The heating rate was 60 °C/min. At increased temperature of the heating medium, a decrease in the amount of the resulting carbon residue averaged 6.2 wt%. The release of non-condensable combustible gas-phase compounds CO, CH4, and H2, with maximum concentrations of 12.7, 14.0, and 0.7 vol%, respectively, was registered. The features of the obtained biochar sample conversions were studied using thermal analysis in inert (nitrogen) and oxidative (air) mediums at 10 °C/min heating rate. Kinetic analysis was performed using Coats–Redfern method. Thermal analysis showed that the main weight loss (Δm = 32.8–43.0 wt%) occurs at temperatures ranging between 290 °C and 400 °C, which is due to cellulose decomposition. The maximum carbon content and, hence, heat value were obtained for biochars made from macadamia nut and walnut shells. An increased degree of coalification of the biochar samples affected their reactivity and, in particular, caused an increase in the initial temperature of intense oxidation (on average, by 73 °C). While technical and elemental composition of nut shell samples studied were quite similar, the morphology of obtained biochar was different. The morphology of particles was also observed to change as the heating medium temperature increased, which was expressed in the increased inhomogeneity of particle surface. The activation energy values, for biochar conversion in an inert medium, were found to vary in the range of 10–35 kJ/mol and, in an oxidative medium—50–80 kJ/mol. According to literature data, these values were characteristic for lignin fibers decomposition and oxidation, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

et al. 2021

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“…The nutrient (K, Ca, Mg, and P) content in BCs derived from NF and AL pyrolysis are shown in Supplemental Figure S3. The observation was consistent with our expectation of increasing nutrients content in BCs with higher pyrolysis temperature (Ku et al., 2018; Zheng et al., 2013) because K, Ca, Mg, and P are predominantly in the form of the inorganic minerals [e.g., K 2 Mg(PO 3 ) 4 , CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 , and K 2 Ca(SO 4 ) 2 ] (Liu et al., 2017; Zheng et al., 2013) and enriched in BCs during pyrolysis, whereas a high pyrolysis temperature enables the C, H, and O oxidized/gasified to form volatile matters, CO 2 , CO, and water vapor (Kozlov, Svishchev, Donskoy, & Shamansky, 2015; Ortiz, Torres, Zalazar, Zhang, & Mazza, 2020), which decreases the retention of C, H, and O in BCs after pyrolysis (Figure 1d; Supplemental Figure S4). Hence, K, Ca, Mg, and P contents in BCs indicate an increasing temperature trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Difference in characteristics and nutrient retention between biochars produced in nitrogen‐flow and air‐limitation atmospheres

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2020

J of Env Quality

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The different effects of nitrogen-flow (NF) and air-limitation (AL) pyrolysis on the characteristics and nutrient retention of biochars (BCs) are unclear. Hence, in this study, BCs derived from bamboo, corn straw, and wheat straw were produced in AL and NF atmospheres at various temperatures (300-750 • C), and their different characteristics and nutrient retention rates were compared systematically. Nitrogen-flow pyrolysis facilitates C retention and graphitic C formation, and AL pyrolysis improves the polarity and supports the formation of oxygen-containing groups. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, C retention and graphitic C formation in BCs derived from AL pyrolysis decreases more significantly compared with BCs from NF pyrolysis. At 750 • C, the polarity and oxygen-containing groups of BCs derived from AL pyrolysis increase, whereas those from BCs derived from NF pyrolysis decrease. The observations are attributable to the AL and high-temperature-enhanced oxidization and gasification of C. An AL atmosphere with a higher pyrolysis temperature supports porosity and results in a larger specific surface area. Although pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere have negligible effects on nutrient retention, a low pyrolysis temperature facilitates the formation of water-soluble Ca, Mg, and P, and AL pyrolysis facilitates the formation of water-soluble P because the high pyrolysis temperature improves the pH and mineral stability of BCs, and air limitation facilitates the oxidation of organic P into PO 4 3−. This study provides a reference for selecting AL or NF pyrolysis based on various pyrolysis temperatures to produce BCs and applying these in C sequestration, contaminant sorption, and soil quantity improvement.

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“…The yield of the residual solid from pyrolysis, according to Tsai et al [52] show a decreasing trend as the pyrolysis temperature and the waiting time increase, where the formation of liquid and gaseous products occurs. According to Ortiz et al [55] degradation reactions in pyrolysis with temperatures around 300 ºC produce higher yields of biochar. Novak et al [56] attributed the decrease in biochar yield to the dehydration of hydroxyl groups and thermal degradation of cellulose and lignin structures.…”

Section: F Ig 3: Mass Yield Of the Biochar Of The Green Coconut Mesocarp (Bmc) The Babassu Mesocarp (Bmb) The Brazil Nut Shell Pericarp (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental-economic assessment of lignocellulosic residual from the Legal Amazon for conversion in biochars and bioproducts for biorefineries

Santana¹,

Brito²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2020

IJAERS

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Biochars are emerging ecological products that show excellent properties in areas such as carbon sequestration, soil improvement, bioremediation, activated carbon and bioenergy. These interesting materials can be synthesized from a wide variety of sources derived from waste, including lignocellulosic biomass waste. In this work, biochars were produced from residues from the Brazilian Amazon, such as green coconut, babassu and Brazil nuts. The synthesis of biochars was performed under pyrolysis conditions with a fixed time of 3 h and temperature variation of 250 ºC (T1) and 400 ºC (T2). Yields of biochar production >85%, carbon contents >56%, and oxygen contents >20% and calorific values >23 MJ.Kg -1 , demonstrate that biochars produced from residual biomass can be used as activated carbon and also as fertilizers in soils, thus adding value to such residues. Besides, the biomasses used were characterized and the achieved remarkable yields of fermentable sugars, reaching up to 70% in cellulose hydrolysis, which can be useful in the production of bioproducts. In addition, the efficient use of these biomasses will positively impact the productive chains involved, benefiting society, generating employment, income, Besides as mitigating an environmental liability.

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Influence of pyrolysis temperature and bio-waste composition on biochar characteristics

Cited by 130 publications

References 67 publications

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

Analysis of the Physicochemical Characteristics of Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Nut Shells in a Nitrogen Atmosphere

Difference in characteristics and nutrient retention between biochars produced in nitrogen‐flow and air‐limitation atmospheres

Environmental-economic assessment of lignocellulosic residual from the Legal Amazon for conversion in biochars and bioproducts for biorefineries

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