Influence of reaction conditions and type of alcohol on biodiesel yields and process economics of supercritical transesterification

Feasibility and comparative studies of thermochemical liquefaction of Camellia oleifera cake in different supercritical organic solvents for producing bio-oil

“…Moreover, with the increase of reaction temperature, total content of compounds with carbon chain length >15 decreased while content of compounds with carbon chain length <15 increased. As it was mentioned above, increase of temperature could contribute to decomposition of biomass and decrease of phase boundary formed between solvents and intermediates [12], which resulted in rapidly reaction between solvents and intermediates to form low molecular compounds. It is worth noting that isophorone and phorone accounted for a large percent in A-300 and A-350.…”

“…As it is known, biomass components mainly consist of carbohydrates, lignin, protein and fats [25]. Thus, increase of temperature might contribute to decomposition of biomass and decrease of phase boundary formed between solvents and intermediates, which resulted in higher bio-oil yield [12]. In addition, direct liquefaction of biomass in organic media strongly depends on the interactions between solvents and substrates [26].…”

“…Thermochemical liquefaction has been pointed out to be a promising technology for producing bio-oil and a range of chemicals [7,8]. Liquefaction of biomass in supercritical short chain alcohols (e.g., methanol and ethanol) and acetone have gained growing attention in producing bio-oil [9][10][11][12]. In addition, bio-oil generated from liquefaction with these solvents has been pointed out to have a high yield and low oxygen content [13,14].…”

Effects of Weight Hourly Space Velocity and Catalyst Diameter on Performance of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Synthesis over Sulphated Zinc Oxide Acid Catalyst

“…Biodiesel has higher cetane number than petroleum diesel, biodegradable, contains no sulphur and aromatic compounds and resulting in lower emissions than petroleum diesel [1][2][3][4]. Various methods have been employed for biodiesel production, both conventional [5][6][7][8], enzymatic [9][10][11], or even advanced technologies [12][13][14][15][16] methods. Conventionally, biodiesel was produced by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, either acid or base catalysts as previously found [5][6][7][8].…”

Preliminary Testing of Hybrid Catalytic-Plasma Reactor for Biodiesel Production Using Modified-Carbon Catalyst

“…Advanced methods developed in the production of biodiesel were supercritical [16,17], microwave [18,19], ultrasonic [20,21], and plasma technology [22,23] methods. Some researchers studied the effect of the use of the reactor type to biodiesel yield as well as the process efficiency in biodiesel production [21,[24][25][26].…”