Influence of Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Storability of Sugarbeet

Strausbaugh, C.A.; Rearick, E.; Eujayl, Imad A.; Foote, Paul

doi:10.5274/jsbr.48.3.155

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Rhizoctonia root rot can lead to root yield losses of 50% or more but also seems to be on the increase and can be associated with losses in storage (9,21,27,38,41,43). In Idaho, Rhizoctonia root rot on mature roots tends to be associated with the R. solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 IIIB strains and is frequently accompanied by a bacterial root rot caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet

2013

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Strausbaugh, C. A., Eujayl, I. A., and Foote, P. 2013. Selection for resistance to the Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex in sugar beet. Plant Dis. 97:93-100.The Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex continues to be a concerning problem in sugar beet production areas. To investigate resistance to this complex in 26 commercial sugar beet cultivars, field studies and greenhouse studies with mature roots from the field were conducted with Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 2-2 IIIB strains and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Based on means for the 26 cultivars in the 2010 and 2011 field studies, fungal rot ranged from 0 to 8%, bacterial rot ranged from 0 to 37%, total internal rot ranged from 0 to 44%, and surface rot ranged from 0 to 52%. All four rot variables resulted in significant (P < 0.0001) cultivar differences. Based on regression analysis, strong positive relationships (r 2 from 0.6628 to 0.9320; P < 0.0001) were present among the rot variables. When ranking cultivars, the most consistent rot variable was surface rot, because 12 of 13 variable-year combinations had significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlations. When cultivar ranking in greenhouse assays was compared, there was frequently a positive correlation with storage data but no relationship with field results. Thus, the greenhouse assays will identify storage rot resistance but field screening will be required to find resistance to this rot complex in the field.Rhizoctonia root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is of considerable concern in sugar beet production areas in the United States and other areas of the world (9,15,38). Rhizoctonia root rot can lead to root yield losses of 50% or more but also seems to be on the increase and can be associated with losses in storage (9,21,27,38,41,43). In Idaho, Rhizoctonia root rot on mature roots tends to be associated with the R. solani anastomosis group (AG) 2-2 IIIB strains and is frequently accompanied by a bacterial root rot caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (Beijerinck) Garvie which leads to a Rhizoctonia-bacterial root rot complex (36,38,39). The prevalence of this rot complex seems to be favored by warmer longer-season production areas, poor crop rotation, and surface irrigations (38,40).The fungus R. solani survives from season to season as propagules in the soil or as mycelia in infested organic matter, while L. mesenteroides is widely distributed throughout the environment (11,13,19,39). The genus Leuconostoc is a gram-positive heterofermentative lactic acid bacterium commonly found in soils, sugar factories, fermenting vegetables, dairy products, manure, and wine (4,11,12,16,19,28,35,47). These bacteria are known to be important in the initial phase of fermentation but usually are superseded by other bacteria and yeast (2,6,16). A number of other bacteria and yeast associated with bacterial root rot in sugar beet roots do not cause rot on their own but will slow down rot caused by L. mesenteroides and inhibit R. solani (25,39). These bacteria and yeast in competition wi...

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Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet

2013

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“…Kühn can lead to yield losses of 50% or more in commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields, affect sucrose losses in stored roots, and lead to difficulties in factory processing (6,17,33,36,39). Because R. solani strains form a species complex, strains have been further classified into subgroups known as anastomosis groups (AGs) and intraspecific groups (ISGs) (8,11,30).…”

Section: Rhizoctonia Crown and Root Rot Caused By Rhizoctonia Solanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Sugarbeet Host Resistance and Rhizoctonia Solani Ag-2-2 Iiib Strains

Strausbaugh¹,

Eujayl²,

Panella³

2013

American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist

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Rhizoctonia crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani can cause serious economic losses in sugar beet fields. Preliminary evidence suggests that there could be interactions between different strains and resistance sources. Thus, field studies were conducted to determine whether nine R. solani AG-2-2 IIIB strains varied for virulence when compared with a noninoculated check and interacted with five sugar beet lines (four resistant lines and a susceptible check). The studies were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six replications. Roots were evaluated for surface rot and internal fungal and bacterial rot in September. All strains were virulent on the susceptible check, FC901/C817, and had a similar ranking (r = 0.80 to 0.97; P = 0.0096 to <0.0001) regardless of disease variable. Line FC709-2 was resistant (response not different from noninoculated check, P ≥ 0.1042) to all strains, while the strain responses resulted in weak interactions with less-resistant lines in 14 of 19 variable-year combinations. Because most commercial sugar beet cultivars contain low to intermediate resistance to Rhizoctonia crown and root rot, the strain used to screen should be considered in order to maintain consistent responses between nurseries and commercial fields. Rhizoctonia crown and root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solaniKühn can lead to yield losses of 50% or more in commercial sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields, affect sucrose losses in stored roots, and lead to difficulties in factory processing (6,17,33,36,39). Because R. solani strains form a species complex, strains have been further classified into subgroups known as anastomosis groups (AGs) and intraspecific groups (ISGs) (8,11,30). In Idaho, R. solani AG-2-2 IIIB is the primary AG and ISG associated with the most damaging rot in mature sugar beet roots (33). Recent Idaho studies have shown that the fungus is primarily limited to damaging the outer 3 to 5% of the root mass, while subsequent bacterial rot led by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. dextranicum (Beijerinck) Garvie frequently invades the tissue, leading to 70% or more of the root being rotted (31,32,34,35). Because Rhizoctonia crown and root rot appears to be on the increase in a number of growing areas worldwide, developing management options for this disease is an important concern (4,5,10,22).Management of Rhizoctonia crown and root rot with crop rotation (4,5,9,19,26,28) and fungicide applications (2,17,18,37,41) helps limit problems but unacceptable levels of rot still frequently occur (2). Host resistance would be the most desirable control measure (24), because it tends to be more cost effective than other approaches. However, most commercial cultivars provide only low to intermediate levels of resistance (32). Cultivars with higher levels of resistance often do not have the yield and resistance to other diseases (curly top, Aphanomyces root rot, Fusarium wilt, and Cercospora leaf spot) needed for cultivar approval. A number of germplasm lines with Rhizoctonia crown and root rot r...

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“…At harvest, roots are topped and handled roughly when loaded into trucks and piles, making them susceptible to injury and increased respiration and microbial invasion (Bugbee 1993;Wyse and Peterson 1979). If weather conditions are unfavorable, such as widely fluctuating temperatures and wet conditions, microbial growth can be enhanced (Bugbee 1982(Bugbee , 1993Strausbaugh et al 2008Strausbaugh et al , 2011Wyse 1978). Bacterial rot has been documented to be caused by Leuconostoc, while fungal invasion can be attributed to a number of causal agents including an Athelia-like basidiomycete, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Seifert & Samson (syn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Penicillium sp. Causes Rot in Stored Sugar Beet Roots in Idaho

Strausbaugh

Dugan

2017

Plant Disease

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Penicillium vulpinum along with a number of other fungi can lead to rot of stored sugar beet roots. However, Penicillium isolates associated with necrotic lesions on roots from a recent sugar beet storage study were determined to be different from P. vulpinum and other recognized Penicillium species. Phylogenies based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-5.8S, b-tubulin (BenA), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) DNA regions indicate that these isolates are novel, but most closely related to the following Penicillium spp. in the section Fasiculata: P. aurantiogriseum, P. camemberti, and P. freii. Macro-and micromorphological data also support designating these isolates as a new species for which we propose the name, Penicillium cellarum sp. nov. Inoculation studies with the P. cellarum isolates on roots of the commercial sugar beet cultivar B-7 led to the formation of necrotic lesions 23 to 25 mm in diameter after 86 days in storage. These lesions were similar to those observed on sugar beet roots in commercial storage piles. These data indicate that P. cellarum is a pathogen which can cause root rot in stored sugar beet roots.Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots are frequently stored under ambient conditions in the United States in production areas other than the Red River Valley and California (Bugbee 1993). In Idaho, which is second in sugar beet production (USDA-NASS) in the United States, approximately two-thirds of the crop is held under ambient storage conditions from October until late March when factory processing is finished (Huff 2013;Peterson et al. 1984;Strausbaugh et al. 2008). At harvest, roots are topped and handled roughly when loaded into trucks and piles, making them susceptible to injury and increased respiration and microbial invasion (Bugbee 1993;Wyse and Peterson 1979). If weather conditions are unfavorable, such as widely fluctuating temperatures and wet conditions, microbial growth can be enhanced (Bugbee 1982(Bugbee , 1993Strausbaugh et al. 2008Strausbaugh et al. , 2011Wyse 1978). Bacterial rot has been documented to be caused by Leuconostoc, while fungal invasion can be attributed to a number of causal agents including an Athelia-like basidiomycete, Botrytis cinerea Pers., Penicillium vulpinum (Cooke & Massee) Seifert & Samson (syn. P. claviformae Bainer), and Phoma betae A. B. Frank (Bugbee 1982;Bugbee and Cole 1976;Campbell and Bugbee 1993;Liebe and Varrelmann 2014;Miles et al. 1977;Mumford and Wyse 1976;Nihlgård et al. 2009;Strausbaugh et al. 2009Strausbaugh et al. , 2015Toda et al. 2012).Penicillium storage rot is normally associated with wounds and historically attributed to P. vulpinum (Bugbee 1975(Bugbee , 1976(Bugbee , 1993Fugate and Campbell 2009 Samson et al. 2011;Visagie et al. 2014). Penicillium roqueforti Thom and P. paneum have also been isolated from ensiled hard-pressed beet fibers (Boysen et al. 2000). Recently Penicillium isolates from lesions on sugar beet roots in Idaho differed from previously acknowledged species based on p...

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Influence of Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Storability of Sugarbeet

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet

Selection for Resistance to the Rhizoctonia-Bacterial Root Rot Complex in Sugar Beet

Interaction of Sugarbeet Host Resistance and Rhizoctonia Solani Ag-2-2 Iiib Strains

A Novel Penicillium sp. Causes Rot in Stored Sugar Beet Roots in Idaho

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