Influence of Rice Genotypes on Folding and Spinning Behaviour of Leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) and Its Interaction with Leaf Damage

The occurrence of rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée in the large-scale agricultural production on Chongming Eco-island in China

“…The rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae), is an important production constraint for rice in south Asia and some other parts of the world (Punithavalli et al, 2013). In the Yangtze River Delta of eastern China, C. medinalis is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice.…”

Sublethal effects of four insecticides on folding and spinning behavior in the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Emamectin benzoate and spinosad exerted sublethal effects on the folding and spinning behaviors of the C. medinalis larvae, such as shortened primary fold length, a lower number of head swings and binds, and altered folding and leaf selection times. Punithavalli et al 20 speculated that an increase of mobility or restlessness of the larvae may explain the shorter primary fold/whole fold and lower bind number found on resistant rice genotypes. Here, lower bind number and shorter primary fold were observed in the treatment with a sublethal concentration of spinosad, which may mean that the mobility of larvae was affected by this insecticide.…”

“…The third‐ to fifth‐instar larvae usually fold the leaves longitudinally with the abaxial surface inside the folds, while younger larvae usually only roll the leaf edges . The folding and spinning behavior of the rice leaffolder could also be influenced by the genotypes of rice varieties and rice leaf morphology , . Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and botanical extracts from neem ( Azadirahta indica ) and Vitex negundo have been observed to interfere with the folding behavior …”

“…3 The folding and spinning behavior of the rice leaffolder could also be influenced by the genotypes of rice varieties and rice leaf morphology. 20,21 Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and botanical extracts from neem (Azadirahta indica) and Vitex negundo have been observed to interfere with the folding behavior. 12 Chlorpyrifos, chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and spinosad are popular insecticides used for the control of C. medinalis in China.…”

Temperature-dependent development and reproduction of rice leaffolder, Marasmia exigua (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Rice leaffolders, a group of Lepidopteran pests, are increasingly detrimental to rice production in China, due to changes in cultural practices and the use of high-yield varieties [ 2 ]. In addition, the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers has also contributed to the outbreaks [ 3 – 5 ]. These pests are widely distributed in the rice growing regions of tropical and temperate areas of Asia, Oceania, and Africa.…”