Influence of rice, pea and oat proteins in attenuating glycemic response of sugar-sweetened beverages

Tan, Sze‐Yen; Siow, Phei Ching; Peh, Elaine; Henry, Christiani Jeyakumar

doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1547-3

Cited by 22 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Besides the stimulation of insulin secretion (driven by direct stimulatory effects, but also indirectly, through an increased incretin response), underlying pathways include delayed gastric emptying under the influence of the same incretin hormones [ 62 ]. Whey or soy proteins seem to give the best responses [ 8 , 63 ], but favourable effects on postprandial glycemic levels were also reported for rice, pea, and oat proteins [ 64 ]. Giezenaar et al found whey protein drinks to slow gastric emptying and alter insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, and GIP secretions in older men and women [ 65 ].…”

Section: Influence Of Nutrients On Gastric Emptying and Glycemic Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients

Mihai

Craiu

Cijevschi-Prelipcean

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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Gastric emptying and glycemic control pathways are closely interrelated processes. Gastric chyme is transferred into the duodenum with velocities depending on its solid or liquid state, as well as on its caloric and nutritional composition. Once nutrients enter the intestine, the secretion of incretins (hormonal products of intestinal cells) is stimulated. Among incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has multiple glycemic-regulatory effects that include delayed gastric emptying, thus triggering a feedback loop lowering postprandial serum glucose levels. Glycemic values also influence gastric emptying; hyperglycemia slows it down, and hypoglycemia accelerates it, both limiting glycemic fluctuations. Disordered gastric emptying in diabetes mellitus is understood today as a complex pathophysiological condition, with both irreversible and reversible components and high intra- and interindividual variability of time span and clinical features. While limited delays may be useful for reducing postprandial hyperglycemias, severely hindered gastric emptying may be associated with higher glycemic variability and worsened long-term glycemic control. Therapeutic approaches for both gastric emptying and glycemic control include dietary modifications of meal structure or content and drugs acting as GLP-1 receptor agonists. In the foreseeable future, we will probably witness a wider range of dietary interventions and more incretin-based medications used for restoring both gastric emptying and glycemic levels to nearly physiological levels.

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Section: Influence Of Nutrients On Gastric Emptying and Glycemic Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients

Mihai

Craiu

Cijevschi-Prelipcean

et al. 2018

Journal of Diabetes Research

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“…In a series of studies that contained plant proteins dispensed as beverages, it has repeatedly been demonstrated that these proteins are insulinotropic and are therefore effective in reducing the glycemic response of foods [ 10 , 11 , 24 ]. The average amount of proteins in these beverages has been in the region of 12–24 g. In our present study, we have demonstrated that compared to 7.8 g of protein, a considerable reduction in the soy protein content (3.4 g) of a beverage but the inclusion of rice bran can elicit a similar reduction in the glycemic response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The glycemic index (GI) is a classification of the blood glucose-raising potential of carbohydrate foods, and there is substantial evidence suggesting that the consumption of low GI foods decreases post-prandial blood glucose and its insulin levels and fluctuations [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In recent years, studies have shown that adding fat, fiber, and plant and animal protein to carbohydrate meals can lower the glycemic response [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, acute studies have shown that soy products can attenuate the glycemic response [ 10 , 24 ]. This can be explained by the insulinotropic effect that the consumption of protein and amino acids from different sources has shown [ 10 , 11 , 24 ]. These studies consistently showed that soy products can be used as one of the ingredients in managing glycemic control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-Ingestion of Rice Bran Soymilk or Plain Soymilk with White Bread: Effects on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response

et al. 2018

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The regular consumption of soy products is associated with inverse incidence of type 2 diabetes, and there has been an increasing interest in the glycemia reducing potential of rice bran and its components. In this study, we investigated whether consuming soymilk with the addition of rice bran (fiber) can reduce the glycemic response of a carbohydrate meal. Seventeen healthy Asian men (BMI: 18.5–29 kg/m2) participated in this randomized crossover trial. On four occasions, they consumed white bread (two times) and white bread with two different soymilks differing in protein and rice bran content. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and insulin response over a period of 3 hours. Taking the glycemic index (GI) value of white bread as a reference value of 100, the GI of white bread when co-ingested with rice bran soymilk (RBS) was 83.1 (±7.7) and sugar-free soymilk (SFS) was 77.5 (±10.1), both were lower than white bread (p < 0.05). The insulin response of both soymilk treatments was similar to white bread (p > 0.05). The glucose/insulin ratio of RBS and SFS were respectively 43.1 (±6.1) and 60.0 (±17.0) and were lower (p < 0.05) than white bread (123.5 ± 21.1) during the first 30 min. In conclusion, co-ingestion of low amounts of soy protein with a carbohydrate meal stimulated early-phase insulin secretion and thereby increased blood glucose clearance effectiveness. Furthermore, rice bran-fortified soymilk reduced the glycemic response similarly to soymilk with a greater dose of soy protein. Rice bran and its components offer therapeutic potential for glycemic and insulinemic control.

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“…The majority of trials identified in the search referred to the effects of plant proteins on postprandial concentrations of blood glucose, insulin and appetite regulating hormones [40][41][42]45,[49][50][51][52][53][54][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]65] (Table 3). The most frequently reported proteins in this context were pea proteins [40,41,45,[49][50][51][52]54,57,58,[61][62][63], followed by fava bean [42,59], rice [51,62], lupin [61,65], oats [62], lentil [53] and hemp [60]. The dosage of protein was reported in two formats: absolute values (g/day) or in g per kg of body weight.…”

Section: Satiety Glycemic and Insulinemic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Health-Promoting Attributes of Plant Proteins as a Functional Ingredient for the Food Sector: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies

et al. 2020

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The potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets on human health have been extensively studied. However, the evidence regarding the health effects of extracted plant-based proteins as functional ingredients, other than soya, is scarce. The aim of this review was to compile evidence on the effects of extracted protein from a wide range of traditional and novel plant sources on glycemic responses, appetite, body weight, metabolic, cardiovascular and muscle health. A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted through 23 and 27 March 2020 for randomized controlled trials that featured any of the following 18 plant protein sources: alfalfa, duckweed, buckwheat, chickpea, fava bean, hemp, lentil, lupin, mushroom, oat, pea, potato, pumpkin, quinoa, rapeseed, rice, sacha inchi, sunflower. Only interventions that investigated concentrated, isolated or hydrolysed forms of dietary protein were included. Searched health outcome measures were: change in blood glucose, insulin, satiety hormones concentration, subjective assessment of appetite/satiety, change in blood lipids concentration, blood pressure, body weight and muscle health parameters. Acute and sub-chronic studies were considered for inclusion. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach we identified 1190 records. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Plant protein sources used in interventions were most often pea (n = 16), followed by lupin (n = 4), fava bean (n = 2), rice (n = 2), oat (n = 2), hemp (n = 2) and lentil (n = 1). Satiety and postprandial glycemic response were the most frequently reported health outcomes (n = 18), followed by blood lipids (n = 6), muscle health (n = 5), body weight (n = 5) and blood pressure (n = 4). No studies on the remaining plant proteins in the extracted form were identified through the search. Most studies confirmed the health-promoting effect of identified extracted plant protein sources across glycemic, appetite, cardiovascular and muscular outcomes when compared to baseline or non-protein control. However, the current evidence is still not sufficient to formulate explicit dietary recommendations. In general, the effects of plant protein were comparable (but not superior) to protein originating from animals. This is still a promising finding, suggesting that the desired health effects can be achieved with more sustainable, plant alternatives. More methodologically homogenous research is needed to formulate and validate evidence-based health claims for plant protein ingredients. The relevance of these findings are discussed for the food sector with supporting market trends.

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Influence of rice, pea and oat proteins in attenuating glycemic response of sugar-sweetened beverages

Abstract: Plant proteins altered the glycemic and appetitive responses of Asian males to a sugar-sweetened beverage. Food-based interventions are useful in promoting glycemic control. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02933424.

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients

Bidirectional Relationship between Gastric Emptying and Plasma Glucose Control in Normoglycemic Individuals and Diabetic Patients

Co-Ingestion of Rice Bran Soymilk or Plain Soymilk with White Bread: Effects on the Glycemic and Insulinemic Response

Exploring Health-Promoting Attributes of Plant Proteins as a Functional Ingredient for the Food Sector: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies

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