Influence of Rocksil®, Silifort® and Wollastonite on Penetration and Development of Meloidogyne javanica in Poaceae and Fabaceae

Abstract

Silicates have the potential to induce disease resistance in plants. Induction of nematode resistance usually results from paralysis of nurse cell development or activation of the hypersensitivity response. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) treatment on the penetration and development of Meloidogyne javanica in various crops. The experiment was set up in a randomized (3 × 4) + 1 factorial design, with 3 Si sources (Silifort®, Rocksil® and wollastonite), 4 crops (maize, rice, common bean and soybean) and 1 treatment control (distilled water). The Si treatments included adding wollastonite to the soil 10 days prior to seedling transplantation, or spraying with solutions of Silifort® or Rocksil®, 2 days after seedlings transplantation. Twelve days after transplantation, the plants were inoculated with 1000 eggs and eventual second‐stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 3, 8, 13 and 18 days after inoculation (DAI), the plants were harvested and nematode penetration evaluated by optical microscopy. All Si treatments adversely affected development of M. javanica in soybean, common bean and rice and reduced nematode penetration of rice roots. Silifort® and wollastonite reduced nematode penetration in common bean and soybean roots, respectively. However, none of the Si treatments influenced the variables analysed in maize. The results of this study illustrate the potential of Si treatment to control M. javanica parasitism in plants.

Biological products in association with organic matter to control Meloidogyne javanica in tomato

“…The rice hull, in its turn, presents high Si contents that, Within each experiment, means followed by the same letter in the column did not differ from each other in the Scott-Knott test, at 5% probability level. Original means were transformed through √(x + 0. when absorbed by the plant, accumulate in the cell wall, increase its stiffness and form a mechanical barrier capable of preventing or delaying the pathogen penetration in the host tissues, thus making the plant more resistant (Oliveira et al, 2012;Mattei et al, 2017). Si can induce resistance in plants by affecting the reproductive capacity of nematodes, as it was demonstrated in the study involving coffee plants and Meloidogyne exigua (Goeldi), whose results were attributed to lignin production and/or to increased enzyme activity (Mattei et al, 2017).…”

“…Original means were transformed through √(x + 0. when absorbed by the plant, accumulate in the cell wall, increase its stiffness and form a mechanical barrier capable of preventing or delaying the pathogen penetration in the host tissues, thus making the plant more resistant (Oliveira et al, 2012;Mattei et al, 2017). Si can induce resistance in plants by affecting the reproductive capacity of nematodes, as it was demonstrated in the study involving coffee plants and Meloidogyne exigua (Goeldi), whose results were attributed to lignin production and/or to increased enzyme activity (Mattei et al, 2017). Application in natura of rice hulls promoted the reduction of M. javanica (Prakash and Singh, 2014), and the results can be attributed to changes in physical-chemical properties of the soil, such as increased alkalinity, electrical conductivity and many more metals.…”

Silicification of Root Tissues

“…In the case of the banana Prata-Ana, the decreased egg and gall mass/root and number of second juveniles of Meloidogyne javanica per defined soil volume were not observed in silicon treated plants [170] and there were no ameliorative effects of Si in maize plants infested by this pathogen. On the other hand, significant positive effects of Si were observed in soybean, common bean, and rice [161]. After Si-treatment, the genes were overexpressed in more resistant cultivars of rice, playing a role in defense via the ethylene signaling pathway, and roots deposited more callose and phenolic compounds compared to Si-non-treated plants [149].…”

“…There are only a few known plant root-biotic stressor interactions where the presence of silicon reduces the negative effects of stress completely [140] or even overcomes the treated plant biomass production compared to non-stress conditions [156]. In most of the other cases, silicon alleviates the negative effects to some degree, ranging between 10% and 80% (e.g., in [157][158][159][160][161]). For example, in silicon-treated tomato plants, the bacterial wilt incidence, which is caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, was reduced in roots by 100% and by 38% in resistant and moderately resistant cultivar, respectively [140].…”

Priming effect of root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola in rice

“…According to Guimarães et al [ 19 ], potassium silicate was effective in reducing the number of nematode eggs of M. incognita in sugar cane. Si treatment adversely affected M. javanica development in soybean, common bean and rice and reduced nematode penetration of rice roots [ 32 ]. However, no Si treatment influenced the development and penetration of nematodes in maize.…”