Influence of Roughness Surfaces on Third-Order Nonlinear-Optical Properties of Erbium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films

Lamrani, M. Alaoui; Jouad, Mohamed El; Addou, M.; Habbani, T. El; Fellahi, N.; Bahedi, K.; Touhami, M. Ebn; Essaïdi, Zacaria; Sofiani, Z.; Sahraoui, B.; Meghea, Aurelia; Rău, Ileana

doi:10.1080/00387010802286692

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As it was noted, hydrothermally grown samples have been exposed to laser beams with the intensity of 3.98 9 10 6 W/m 2 , which is * 10 times lower than the irradiation intensity on the nanostructures presented in Table 3 (1.25 9 10 7 W/m 2 ). The current data could also be comparable with that measured for erbium-doped zinc oxide thin films at wavelength of 1064 nm using the third harmonic generation (THG), showing a third-order nonlinear susceptibility of * 10 3 times higher than those estimated in the current study [73]. Many reports have been published focusing on nonlinearities of ZnO nanostructures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

Haghighatzadeh

Mazinani

Ostad

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Hollow nanostructures have attracted attention because of their unique physiochemical properties and broad potential applications in electronics, optics and photonics. In this study, a facile hydrothermal approach was developed to fabricate hollow ZnO microspheres via self-assembled rod-like nanostructures. The morphology-controlled synthesis was conducted by altering hydrothermal treatment temperature (150, 200 and 250 °C) in solutions containing zinc acetate dihydrate precursor and glycerol as the stabilizing agent. The morphological observations indicated that hydrothermally grown ZnO architectures could be reasonably adjusted by modulating hydrothermal reaction temperature. Possible growth routes are proposed to elucidate the formation process of ZnO microspheres with the rod-like nanostructures. Morphology-dependent absorbance and emission along with red-shifts with improved crystalline qualities were observed with increasing hydrothermal growth temperature. Kerr-type nonlinear optical characteristics examined using single-beam Z-scan technique in the near infrared spectral range under nanosecond Nd-YVO4 laser pulses showed positive values of nonlinear refraction providing an evidence of self-focusing behaviors at the excitation wavelength of 1064 nm in all the samples studied. The highest Kerr-type nonlinear susceptibility was estimated to be 2.31 × 10–6 esu for hollow ZnO microspheres grown at 250 °C, suggesting synergistic effects of surface morphologies on optical nonlinearities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

Haghighatzadeh

Mazinani

Ostad

et al. 2021

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…[46] These semi-empirical formulae were extensively evaluated and found to be accurate (based on experimental data) in determining the 𝜒 3 for oxide materials. [47] The Ticha and Tichy approach was used in our work, which incorporated the Miller generalized rule: 𝜒 3 = A (𝜒 1 ) 4 , A = 10 −10 a constant, [48] and the low-frequency linear refractive index (dispersion in the visible and near-infrared spectral bands) deduced from the Wemple-DiDomenico, WDD, model. [49] Hence, based on the WDD model, the linear refractive index, n, is: With, E 0 the electronic transitions strength; E d the dispersion energy.…”

Section: Nonlinear Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On numerous times and occasions, the effect of roughness on the value of 𝜒 3 has been researched on multiple oxides such as zinc oxide, [45] indium oxide, [52] tin oxide, [53] and others. Thus, Addou et al, [54] Lamrani et al, [47,55] they have found and determined that the smoothest surfaces plus a good crystallinity have the highest third-order susceptibility. Which is in good agreement with our findings, where the Co:Mn 3 O 4 (2 at%) has a good crystallinity presented in the XRD and Raman results (Table 1 and Table 2) as for the roughness is less than the Co:Mn 3 O 4 (4 at%) and slightly higher than undoped Mn 3 O 4 caused by the cobalt substitution effect which is quiet normal (Table 3).…”

Section: Nonlinear Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cobalt Doping on The Structural, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Parameters of Manganese Oxide Thin Layers

Rossi,

Ghannam,

Brioual

et al. 2023

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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In this study, undoped and cobalt‐doped manganese oxide Co:Mn3O4 (0, 2, and 4 at%) are elaborated by the spray pyrolysis procedure on glass substrates. The effect of cobalt doping concentrations on the structural, morphological, and optical features (linear and nonlinear) are investigated through the X‐ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy with an attached energy dispersive X‐ray and UV–Vis‐NIR spectrophotometer. The XRD investigations exhibit a polycrystalline tetragonal structure for all Co:Mn3O4 and confirm by Raman results with the distinctive tetragonal mode A1g at 657 cm−1. The SEM images show an increase in roughness as cobalt doping concentration increases. The EDS quantitative analysis revealed the presence of manganese, oxygen, and cobalt. Furthermore, the optical investigation is pursued firstly through the linear optical that showed a decrease in the transmittance, and optical band gap energy as the cobalt concentration increased due to oxygen vacancies and defects and the increase of refractive index from 2.05 to 2.21. Second, the nonlinear optical parameters show a high value of the nonlinear refractive index 3.75 × 10−7 (esu) and the third‐order susceptibility χ3 = 2.2 × 10−8(esu) of Co:Mn3O4(2at%). These values put the Co:Mn3O4(2at%) thin layer as a candidate in the optoelectronic applications as a third‐order nonlinear medium.

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“…One would assume that only from thicknesses on the order of several skin depths surface and bulk become well distinguishable. The strong influence of the surface roughness on SHG and THG has in fact been shown. We thus suspect that our observed “spike-like” additional signals are caused by the sudden increase in surface roughness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Switchable Optical Nonlinearity at the Metal to Insulator Transition in Magnesium Thin Films

et al. 2020

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We report resonantly enhanced and switchable third order nonlinearity in magnesium thin films. Utilizing an optical parametric oscillator as a tunable broadband light source, we find a highly wavelength dependent third harmonic conversion efficiency, exhibiting a 40-to 50-fold signal increase over the investigated wavelength range between 1300 and 1800 nm. We relate this unusually strong increase of the intrinsic magnesium material nonlinearity to resonant sp-interband transitions around 0.7 eV or 1770 nm in the fundamental wavelength range, multiplying their impact on the conversion efficiencies. Moreover, we make use of the drastic change in the optical properties of magnesium at the phase transition between metallic magnesium and dielectric magnesium hydride by in situ hydrogenation. We are able to cyclically switch the nonlinearity and the efficiency of the third harmonic conversion process. The time-dependence of the nonlinear signal is complex and is a consequence of several contributions, including the hydrogen concentration-dependent change in the intrinsic nonlinear susceptibility, the change in the surface morphology during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, as well as the volume change of the material. While shedding new light on the structural and morphological changes in such magnesium thin films, we envision that the switchable and large resonant third-order nonlinearity in magnesium will find applications in nanostructured systems, unlocking additional degrees of freedom in design and implementation, such as wavelength dependency and switchable material nonlinearities.

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Influence of Roughness Surfaces on Third-Order Nonlinear-Optical Properties of Erbium-Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Films

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

Hollow ZnO microspheres self-assembled from rod-like nanostructures: morphology-dependent linear and Kerr-type nonlinear optical properties

Effect of Cobalt Doping on The Structural, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Parameters of Manganese Oxide Thin Layers

Switchable Optical Nonlinearity at the Metal to Insulator Transition in Magnesium Thin Films

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