Influence of Salinity on Protein Requirements of Coho Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus kisutch</i>) Smolts

Zeitoun, Ibrahim H.; Ullrey, D. E.; Halver, John E.; Tack, Peter I.; Magee, W. T.

doi:10.1139/f74-132

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that the discrepancy results from strain differences in Arctic charr nutrient needs, as previously described by Tabachek (1984), because her estimates of protein requirements were obtained with Nauyuk Lake charr while we used the Labrador strain and Jobling & Wandsvik (1983a) used a Norwegian strain. Our estimates of protein requirement and those of Jobling & Wandsvik (1983a) are gener-ally similar to the 400 g kg-' value reported for chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum) (Delong et al 1958), coho salmon, 0. kisutch (Walbaum) (Zeitoun et al 1974) and rainbow trout (Satia 1974) but lower than the value of 450g kg-' reported for Atlantic salmon (La11 & Bishop 1977).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Optimal protein requirements of young Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed practical diets

Gurure

Moccia

Atkinson

1995

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Young Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), mean weight 2.56 ± 0.02 g, were fed nine isoenergetic (˜16.6 MJ digestible energy (DE) kg−1) practical diets formulated to supply digestible crude protein (DCP) at 40g kg−1 increments from 230 to 550g kg−1, for 84 days. Mean weight gain (MWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were determined every 14 days while carcass composition was determined at the start and end of the experiment. Growth responses attained the highest values in the fish fed the diet with 350 g kg−1 DCP. Carcass moisture gain, protein gain and apparent net lipid accumulation increased as DCP levels increased to a maximum at 350 g kg−1 after which there were no differences among treatments. Total carcass lipid and lipid gain decreased as dietary DCP increased up to 470 g kg−1 with no differences thereafter. Apparent net protein accretion decreased with increasing DCP levels up to 350 g kg−1 after which there were few differences among treaments. Protein requirements were estimated by fitting MWG and SGR data to broken line regression, quadratic and saturation kinetics models. Results from these analyses suggest that dietary DCP should be provided at between 340 and 392 g kg−1 (equivalent to ˜370 and 420g kg−1 crude protein) for optimal growth of young Arctic charr reared in similar conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Optimal protein requirements of young Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed practical diets

Gurure

Moccia

Atkinson

1995

Aquaculture Nutrition

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“…Some studies have shown that protein requirements of fish were increased or not affected by salinity (Zeitoun et al . 1973, 1974). These differences may be because of the differences in the nature of fish species, dietary protein level ranges and energy sources, culture surroundings, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the eect of salinity on protein requirements for ®sh is still unclear (Tacon & Cowey 1985) and there is not enough data demonstrating that protein requirements are aected by salinity. Some studies have shown that protein requirements of ®sh were increased or not aected by salinity (Zeitoun et al 1973(Zeitoun et al , 1974. These dierences may be because of the dierences in the nature of ®sh species, dietary protein level ranges and energy sources, culture surroundings, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary protein and lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis ) reared in seawater

Lee

Kim

Cho

2002

Aquaculture Nutrition

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A 3 (protein levels, 380, 460 and 520 g kg–1 diet) × 2 (lipid levels, 65 and 140 g kg–1 diet) factorial experiment with three replicates was conducted. Weight gain, feed efficiency and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by dietary protein level, but were by dietary lipid level. Weight gains of fish fed 65 g lipid kg–1 diet were significantly, or slightly, higher than for 140 g lipid kg–1 diet at all protein levels. Daily protein intake was significantly affected by both dietary protein and lipid levels (P < 0.002). Daily lipid intake was not significantly affected by dietary protein level, but was by dietary lipid level (P < 0.001). Protein efficiency ratio was significantly affected by dietary protein level (P < 0.02), but not by dietary lipid level. Protein efficiency ratio tended to improve with the decrease of dietary protein level at the same lipid level. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of whole fish were significantly affected by dietary lipid level (P < 0.01). Increased dietary lipid did not improve growth or feed efficiency, but increased body fat deposition. It was concluded that the optimum dietary protein and lipid level for growth of juvenile ayu may be 380 and 65 g kg–1 diet, respectively, when fish were fed to satiety three times daily in seawater.

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“…Best growth and feed efficiencies were noted at a salinity of 8 ppt (Jurss et ak 1985). The works of Shaw et al (1975) on the Atlantic salmon led to conclusions similar to those of Zeitoun et al (1973Zeitoun et al ( , 1974 except that at salinities above 29 ppt, the maintenance needs were increased. This salinity of 29 ppt seems to be a critical level for rainbow trout beyond which significant changes within the intracellular pools occur.…”

Section: Nutrient Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Zeitoun et al (1973Zeitoun et al ( , 1974 observed only slight differences in the protein requirements of rainbow trout and coho salmon at salinities of either 10 or 20 ppt. Lall and Bishop (1979) showed that protein and lipid utilization in rainbow trout adapted to fresh water and sea water differed and concluded that the protein requirement was higher in the latter.…”

Section: Nutrient Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Environmental effects on feed utilization

Kaushik

1986

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Both external and internal factors affect the response of fish to variations in dietary quantity and quality. An attempt is made to review major, recent studies on the series of intermediate steps (intake, digestion, metabolism, excretion and retention) involved in the global response of fish to environmental changes. Among these external factors, greater attention is however devoted to those that are the most important natural effectors within the aquatic environment: temperature, ambient oxygen and salinity. The changes brought about by a change in temperature at different levels of nutrient utilization have been studied to a great extent in the recent past. As temperature affects in the first instance, the voluntary food intake, a discussion on current nutrient requirement data should preferably be dealt with in absolute terms. While critical levels of oxygen below which growth is hindered are sufficiently defined for many species, precise data on the direct effects of oxygen deficiency on nutrient utilization are still fragmentory. With regard to salinity, a distinction between stenohaline and euryhaline species and a knowledge of the physiological mechanisms corresponding to their life cycles are required before attempting comparative analyses. Within euryhaline species, best performances are noted at salinities isotonic to the internal medium. Despite accumulating evidence on the effects of cyclical phenomena, the chronobiological approach to fish culture remains practically unexplored.

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Influence of Salinity on Protein Requirements of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Smolts

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Optimal protein requirements of young Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed practical diets

Optimal protein requirements of young Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed practical diets

Effects of dietary protein and lipid level on growth and body composition of juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis ) reared in seawater

Environmental effects on feed utilization

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