Influence of Sb3+ Cations on the Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of AlFeO3 Multiferroic Perovskite with Humidity Sensors Applicative Characteristics

Abstract

The effects of Sb3+ cations substitution on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Al1−xSbxFeO3 multiferroic perovskite are investigated. The partial or total substitution of Al3+ cations with Sb3+ cations, in stoichiometric composition Al1−xSbxFeO3 (x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) were made in order to identify composite materials with sensors applicative properties. Multiferroic perovskite samples were prepared following technology of the ceramic solid-state method, and the thermal treatments were performed in air atmosphere at 1100 °C temperature. The X-ray diffraction studies have confirmed the phase composition of samples and scanning electron microscopy the shape of the crystallites has been evidenced. The perovskite material was subjected to representative magnetic investigations in order to highlight substitutions characteristics. Investigations on electrical properties have evidenced the substitution dependence of relative permittivity and electrical resistivity under humidity influence and the characteristics of humidity sensors based on this material. The results are discussed in term of microstructural changes induced by the substitutions degree and its sensor applicative effects.

Influence of MACl on the Crystallization Kinetics of Perovskite via a Two-Step Method

“…This study employed a commonly used annealing temperature of 150 • C for the two-step method, which was instrumental in achieving optimal conditions for the crystallization process, balancing between transforming the perovskite to its optically active phase, minimizing crystal defects through the effective evaporation of additives, and preventing decomposition of the material [12,17,30]. Environmental humidity significantly affects the properties of perovskites [31]. For the two-step preparation process of perovskite films, appropriate humidity control aids in enhancing the diffusion of organic salts within the film, leading to a more uniform film [32,33].…”

Sensing Utilities of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites and Composites: A Comprehensive Review

“…The above effect is the major mechanism of humidity-sensing responses. Doping with specified metal ions can improve the environmental stability of metal halide perovskites and reduce the humidity effect on the surface/morphology [ 153 ]. Due to the structural distortion (phase change) and instability of CsPbBr 3 , its composites can be effectively employed for the trace detection of water and humidity (%RH).…”

“…The use of cesium lead halides and composites in radiation/photo detection was proposed by numerous researchers [ 168 , 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 ]. Ti/Ni/CsPbBr 3 /Ni/Ti (with ER of 5.70% at 8250 V·cm −1 ; ER = energy resolution) [ 153 ], single crystals of CsPbBr 3 (with diverse hole mobilities) [ 169 , 170 , 171 , 172 , 175 ], In/LiF/CPB/Au detectors [ 173 ], CsPbBr 3 QDs embedded in P 3 HT:PC 61 BM (P 3 HT:PC 61 BM:QD; a bulk heterojunction photodiode) [ 174 ], CsPbBr 3 microcrystals on ITO functional substrate [ 176 ], a single-crystalline thin film of CsPbBr 3 (CsPbBr 3 SCF; switching ratio = 3.2 × 10 3 , and response time = 200/300 ns) [ 177 ], CsPbBr 3 /RGO nanocomposites (RGO = reduced graphene oxide) [ 178 ], CsPbBr 3 QD/ZnO NWs nanocomposites [ 179 ], and ZnONW/CsPbBr 3 QD/graphene heterojunction were demonstrated for X-ray, radiation, and photodetection. Ion migration, photon–exciton coupling, electron–hole diffusion, and strain-based mechanisms were proposed as the underlying mechanisms for the radiation/photodetection.…”

“…The low stability and degradation of CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) and composites were adopted as sensor responses for humidity detection [ 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 ]. However, reports on = humidity sensors also discussed the recovery, which is problematic due to the environmental instability issue of the CsPbX 3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) and composites.…”

“…The use of cesium lead halides and composites in radiation/photo detection was proposed by numerous researchers [168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180]. Ti/Ni/CsPbBr3/Ni/Ti (with ER of 5.70% at 8250 V•cm −1 ; ER = energy resolution) [153], single crystals of CsPbBr3 (with diverse hole mobilities) [169][170][171][172]175], In/LiF/CPB/Au detectors [173], CsPbBr3 QDs embedded in P3HT:PC61BM (P3HT:PC61BM:QD; a bulk heterojunction photodiode) [174], CsPbBr3 microcrystals on ITO functional substrate [176], a single-crystalline thin film of CsPbBr3 (CsPbBr3 SCF; switching ratio = 3.2 × 10 3 , and response time = 200/300 ns) [177], The use of cesium lead halides and composites in radiation/photo detection was proposed by numerous researchers [168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180]. Ti/Ni/CsPbBr 3 /Ni/Ti (with ER of 5.70% at 8250 V•cm −1 ; ER = energy resolution) [153], single crystals of CsPbBr 3 (with diverse hole mobilities) [169][170][171][172]…”