Influence of seasonal factors on the atmospheric particle number concentration and size distribution in Madrid

Gómez-Moreno, F.J.; Pujadas, M.; Plaza, J.; Rodrı́guez-Maroto, J.J.; Martínez-Lozano, P.; Artı́ñano, Begoña

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.041

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For instance, Gómez Moreno et al (2011) reported NPF episodes in Madrid to be 'not a frequent phenomenon', since only 63 events per year were detected, 17 % of the total days, occurring mostly in spring and summer. However, Brines et al (2015) reported both intensive summer and winter NPF episodes at the Atmos.…”

Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brines et al, 2015;Paasonen et al, 2016) or quasi-primary particles (Rönkkö et al, 2017). Other relevant UFP sources include industrial emissions (Keuken et al, 2015;El Haddad et al, 2013), city waste incineration (Buonanno and Morawska, 2015), shipping (Kecorius et al, 2016;Johnson et al, 2014), airports (Cheung et al, 2011;Hudda et al, 2014;Keuken et al, 2015) or even construction works .NPF events contribute also significantly to ambient UFP concentrations in urban environments (Woo et al, 2001; Alam et 25 al., 2003;Stanier et al, 2004;Wu et al, 2008;Costabile et al, 2009; Reche et al, 2011;Rimnácová et al, 2011;Salma et al, 2011;Salma et al, 2016;Harrison et al, 2011;Gómez-Moreno et al, 2011.;Wegner et al, 2012;von Bismarck-Osten et al, 2013;Dall'Osto et al, 2013;Betha et al, 2013; Cheung et al, 2011;Hussein et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2014;Salimi et al, 2014;Brines et al, 2014;Brines et al, 2015;Ma and Birmili, 2015;Minguillón et al, 2015;Hofman et al, 2016, Kontkanen et al, 2017. Common features enhancing urban NPF are high insolation, low relative humidity, availability of SO2 and 30 organic condensable vapors, and low condensation and coagulation sinks (Kulmala et al, 2004;Kulmala and Kerminen, 2008, Sipilä, et al, 2010, Salma et al, 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Vertical and horizontal distribution of regional new particle formation events in Madrid

Carnerero¹,

Pérez²,

Reche³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The vertical profile of new particle formation (NPF) events was studied by comparing the aerosol size number distributions measured aloft and at surface level in a suburban environment in Madrid, Spain using airborne instruments. The horizontal distribution and regional impact of the NPF events was investigated with data from three urban and suburban 25 stations in the Madrid metropolitan area. Intensive regional NPF episodes followed by particle growth were simultaneously recorded at three stations in and around Madrid, in a field campaign in July 2016. On some days a marked decline in particle size (shrinkage) was observed in the afternoon, associated with a change in air masses. Additionally, a few nocturnal nucleation mode bursts were observed in the urban stations, which could be related to aircraft emissions transported from the airport. Considering all simultaneous diurnal NPF events registered, growth rates were significantly lower at the urban 30 stations, ranging 2.0-3.9 nm h -1 , compared to the suburban station (2.9-10.0 nm h -1 ). Total concentration of 9.1-25 nm particles reached 2.8 x 10 4 cm -3 at the urban station and 1.7 x 10 4 cm -3 at the suburban station, the mean daily values being 3.7 x 10 4 cm -3 (2.2 x 10 4 cm -3 at the suburban station) during event days. The formation rates of 9-25 nm particles peaked around noon and recorded a median value of 2.0 cm -3 s -1 and 1.1 cm -3 s -1 at the urban and suburban stations, respectively.The condensation and coagulation sinks presented minimum values shortly before sunrise, increasing after dawn reaching 35 the maximum value at 14:00 UTC, with average daily mean values of 3.4 x 10 -3 s -1 (2.5 x 10 -3 s -1 at the suburban station) and 2.4 x 10 -5 s -1 , respectively, during event days. The vertical soundings demonstrated that ultrafine particles (UFP) are transported from surface levels to higher levels, thus newly-formed particles ascend from surface to the top of the mixing layer. The morning soundings revealed the presence of a residual layer in the upper levels in which aged particles (nucleated and grown on previous days) prevail. The particles in this layer also grow in size, with growth rates significantly smaller 40 than those inside the mixed layer. Under conditions with strong enough convection, the soundings revealed homogeneous Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10. 5194/acp-2018-173 Manuscript under review for journal Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion started: 27 March 2018 c Author(s) 2018. CC BY 4.0 License.2 number size distributions and growth rates at all altitudes, which follow the same evolution in the other stations considered in this study. This indicates that NPF occurs quasi-homogenously in an area spanning at least 17 km horizontally. The NPF events extend over the full vertical extension of the mixed layer reaching as high as 3000 m. This can have consequences in the radiative balance of the atmosphere and affect the climate. Results also evidenced that total particle concentration in and around Madrid in...

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Section: The Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical and horizontal distribution of regional new particle formation events in Madrid

Carnerero¹,

Pérez²,

Reche³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Aerosol size and size distribution are important aspects of aerosol physical properties, and the particle number concentration of fine particles should get more attention than the mass concentration (Tsai et al, 2011;Gómez-Moreno, 2011;Ny and Lee, 2011;Du et al, 2012). Previous studies of particle size distribution in Shanghai have shown that the average particle number concentrations (10-100 nm) are 2-3 times higher than those reported in the urban areas of North America and Europe (Kulmala et al, 2004;Gao et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Urban Aerosol Characteristics during the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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During the World Exposition 2010, which ran from May to October, emission control measures were implemented in Shanghai and surrounding areas to improve the air quality. This study evaluated the effects of regional transport on aerosol characteristics under these controlled local emission conditions using a month's worth of observations of the aerosol number size distributions (10 nm-10 μm) and the chemical compositions of the aerosols. Back-trajectories and a Lagrangian dispersion model were combined to analyze the transport characteristics of regional and local air pollution and the related mechanisms. Two classes of aerosols were identified and compared. Class I was a clear air condition with ocean-oriented air masses. Particle counts in this class were dominated by particles in the size range 20-40 nm, and NH 4 + was mainly present in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . A strong peak at noontime indicated that the particle formation or growth process was promoted by the photochemical process. Class II was characterized as a regional transport pollution condition with air masses originating in the surrounding areas. The analysis showed increases in particle number concentrations and total water soluble ions of about 17% and 350%, respectively, compared with Class I episodes. The fraction of particles in the size range 50-200 nm increased sharply to almost 50% of the total particle counts. An examination of the diurnal pattern and major water soluble ions suggested that the increase in size mode (50-200 nm) particles was mainly due to the particle growth process and the presence of enough precursor gases. NH 4 + was present in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 . Although air control measures during the World Expo significantly limited local emissions, our results indicate that the regional transport from surrounding cities was responsible for the higher trace gases and particle volume concentrations, along with the large number of Aitken mode particles.

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“…A study carried out in London, England, pointed out that wind and rain significantly affect PNC [21]. New particle formation events also influence PNC significantly [11,13,14]. Meanwhile, despite a few common characteristics, particle number concentrations and size distribution show different modes, varying across areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several regional studies have published size distribution and number concentrations of aerosol particles in North America [11][12][13], Europe [14][15][16] and many parts of China, including the Pearl River Delta region, the Yangtze River Delta region and northwestern China [17][18][19], revealing intrinsic characteristics of the different areas. For instance, the particle number concentrations and size distribution decrease with increasing distance from a freeway [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Ultrafine Particles and Their Relationships with Meteorological Factors and Trace Gases in Wuhan, Central China

et al. 2016

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Ultrafine particles with a diameter below 1 µm are strongly linked to traffic and industrial emissions, causing a growing global health concern. In order to reveal the characteristics of ultrafine particles in central China, which makes up the sparse research in industrial cities of a developing country, particle number concentrations (PNC) together with meteorological parameters and concentrations of trace gases were measured over one year in Wuhan. The number concentration of ultrafine particles peaked in winter and was the lowest in summer across the entire size range monitored. Further, particles with a diameter smaller than 30 nm increased dramatically in concentration with decreasing diameter. The monthly averaged number concentrations of particles discriminated in three size ranges formed a near-inverse parabolic distribution peaking in January. This trend is supported by a negative correlation between PNC and precipitation, temperature, and mixing layer height, which emphasizes the effect of these meteorological parameters on scouring, convection, and diffusion of particles. However, since wind not only disperses particulate matter but also brings in exogenous particles, wind speed plays an equivocal role in particle number concentrations. The diurnal analysis indicates that hourly measurements of trace gases concentrations could be used as a proxy for dense industrial activities and to reveal some complex chemical reactions. The results of this study offer reasonable estimations of particle impacts and provide references for policymaking of emission control in the industrial cities of developing countries.

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Influence of seasonal factors on the atmospheric particle number concentration and size distribution in Madrid

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

Vertical and horizontal distribution of regional new particle formation events in Madrid

Vertical and horizontal distribution of regional new particle formation events in Madrid

Urban Aerosol Characteristics during the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai

Characteristics of Ultrafine Particles and Their Relationships with Meteorological Factors and Trace Gases in Wuhan, Central China

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